Xue-Ming Xu

New Developments in Selenium Biochemistry: Selenocysteine Biosynthesis in Eukaryotes and Archaea (2007)

Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Zhang, Yan, Mix, Heiko, Kryukov, Gregory V., Glass, Richard S., ...

We used comparative genomics and experimental analyses to show that (1) eukaryotes and archaea, which possess the selenocysteine (Sec) protein insertion machinery contain an enzyme,...

Selenoprotein H Is a Nucleolar Thioredoxin-like Protein with a Unique Expression Pattern (2007)

Novoselov, Sergey V., Kryukov, Gregory V., Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.

The human selenoproteome consists of 25 known selenoproteins, but functions of many of these proteins are not known. Selenoprotein H (SelH) is a recently discovered 14-kDa mammalian protein with no...

Selenophosphate synthetase 2 is essential for selenoprotein biosynthesis (2007)

Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Irons, Robert, Mix, Heiko, Zhong, Nianxin, Gladyshev, Vadim, ...

Selenophosphate synthetase (SelD) generates the selenium donor for selenocysteine biosynthesis in eubacteria. One homologue of SelD in eukaryotes is SPS1 (selenophosphate synthetase 1) and a second...

Biosynthesis of Selenocysteine on Its tRNA in Eukaryotes (2007)

Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Mix, Heiko, Zhang, Yan, Saira, Kazima, Glass, Richard S., ...

Selenocysteine (Sec) is cotranslationally inserted into protein in response to UGA codons and is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code. However, the means by which Sec is synthesized in eukaryotes...

Biosynthesis of Selenocysteine on Its tRNA in Eukaryotes (2007)

Xue-Ming Xu, Bradley A. Carlson, Heiko Mix, Yan Zhang, Kazima Saira, Richard S. Glass, ...

Selenocysteine (Sec) is cotranslationally inserted into protein in response to UGA codons and is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code. However, the means by which Sec is synthesized in eukaryotes...

Mouse models for assessing the role of selenoproteins in health and development (2006)

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Shrimali, Rajeev, Sengupta, Aniruddha, Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Zhong, Nianxin, ...

Mouse models have been generated to assess the roles of selenoproteins involved with housekeeping tasks and/or stress-related phenomena in development and health. Each mouse model has taken advantage...

Evolution of selenocysteine decoding and the key role of selenophosphate synthetase in the pathway of selenium utilization (2006)

Salinas, Gustavo, Romero, Héctor, Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.

The complete sequencing of genomes and the development of in silico methods for identification of genes encoding selenocysteine (Sec)-containing proteins have greatly contributed to shape our view on...

Mammalian and other eukaryotic selenocysteine tRNAs (2006)

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Shrimali, Rajeev, Sengupta, Aniruddha, Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Irons, Robert, ...

Selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA occupies a prominent position in the expression of selenoproteins as it is essential for their synthesis and it provides the means by which selenium is co-translationally...

Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Deficiency Reverses Tumor Phenotype and Tumorigenicity of Lung Carcinoma Cells (2006)

Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.

Dietary selenium has potent cancer prevention activity. Both low molecular weight selenocompounds and selenoproteins are implicated in this effect. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) is one of the major...

Evidence for Direct Roles of Two Additional Factors, SECp43 and Soluble Liver Antigen, in the Selenoprotein Synthesis Machinery (2005)

Xu, Xue-Ming, Mix, Heiko, Carlson, Bradley A., Grabowski, Paula J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Berry, Marla J., ...

Selenocysteine (Sec) is inserted into selenoproteins co-translationally with the help of various cis- and trans-acting factors. The specific mechanisms of Sec biosynthesis and insertion into protein...

Um34 in selenocysteine tRNA is required for the expression of stress-related selenoproteins in mammals (2005)

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient in the diet of mammals and has many health benefits. Selenium-containing proteins are responsible for most, if not all, of these benefits. This element is...

Selective Rescue of Selenoprotein Expression in Mice Lacking a Highly Specialized Methyl Group in Selenocysteine tRNA (2005)

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.

Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code. Its tRNA is variably methylated on the 2'-Ohydroxyl site of the ribosyl moiety at position 34 (Um34). Herein, we identified a role of...

Identification and characterization of phosphoseryl-tRNA [Ser]Sec kinase (2004)

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Kryukov, Gregory V., Rao, Mahadev, Berry, Marla J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...

In 1970, a kinase activity that phosphorylated a minor species of seryl-tRNA to form phosphoseryl-tRNA was found in rooster liver [Maenpaa, P. H. & Bernfield, M. R. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA...

Identification and characterization of phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Kryukov, Gregory V., Rao, Mahadev, Berry, Marla J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...

In 1970, a kinase activity that phosphorylated a minor species of seryl-tRNA to form phosphoseryl-tRNA was found in rooster liver [Maenpaa, P. H. & Bernfield, M. R. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA...

Decoding apparatus for eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion

Tujebajeva, Rosa M., Copeland, Paul R., Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Harney, John W., Driscoll, Donna M., ...

Decoding UGA as selenocysteine requires a unique tRNA, a specialized elongation factor, and specific secondary structures in the mRNA, termed SECIS elements. Eukaryotic SECIS elements are found in...

Supramolecular Complexes Mediate Selenocysteine Incorporation In Vivo

Small-Howard, Andrea, Morozova, Nadya, Stoytcheva, Zoia, Forry, Erin P., Mansell, John B., Harney, John W., ...

Selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes occurs cotranslationally at UGA codons via the interactions of RNA-protein complexes, one comprised of selenocysteyl (Sec)-tRNA[Ser]Sec and its specific...

Identification and characterization of phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase

Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Kryukov, Gregory V., Rao, Mahadev, Berry, Marla J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...

In 1970, a kinase activity that phosphorylated a minor species of seryl-tRNA to form phosphoseryl-tRNA was found in rooster liver [Maenpaa, P. H. & Bernfield, M. R. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA...

Decoding apparatus for eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion

Tujebajeva, Rosa M., Copeland, Paul R., Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Harney, John W., Driscoll, Donna M., ...

Decoding UGA as selenocysteine requires a unique tRNA, a specialized elongation factor, and specific secondary structures in the mRNA, termed SECIS elements. Eukaryotic SECIS elements are found in...

Supramolecular Complexes Mediate Selenocysteine Incorporation In Vivo

Small-Howard, Andrea, Morozova, Nadya, Stoytcheva, Zoia, Forry, Erin P., Mansell, John B., Harney, John W., ...

Selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes occurs cotranslationally at UGA codons via the interactions of RNA-protein complexes, one comprised of selenocysteyl (Sec)-tRNA[Ser]Sec and its specific...

Biosynthesis of Selenocysteine on Its tRNA in Eukaryotes

Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A, Mix, Heiko, Zhang, Yan, Saira, Kazima, Glass, Richard S, ...

Selenocysteine (Sec) is cotranslationally inserted into protein in response to UGA codons and is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code. However, the means by which Sec is synthesized in eukaryotes...

Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Reduction in Cancer Cells Inhibits Self-Sufficient Growth and DNA Replication

Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Patterson, Andrew D., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) is a major redox regulator in mammalian cells. As an important antioxidant selenoprotein, TR1 is thought to participate in cancer prevention, but is also known to be...

Selenophosphate synthetase 2 is essential for selenoprotein biosynthesis

Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Irons, Robert, Mix, Heiko, Zhong, Nianxin, Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...

Selenophosphate synthetase (SelD) generates the selenium donor for selenocysteine biosynthesis in eubacteria. One homologue of SelD in eukaryotes is SPS1 (selenophosphate synthetase 1) and a second...

A new strategy for assessing selenoprotein function: siRNA knockdown/knock-in targeting the 3′-UTR

Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Xu, Xue-Ming, Turanov, Anton A., Carlson, Bradley A., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.

Selenocysteine insertion into protein in mammalian cells requires RNA elements in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of selenoprotein genes. The occurrence of these conserved sequences should...