Molybdoproteomes and evolution of molybdenum utilization (2008)
Zhang, Yan, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
The trace element molybdenum (Mo) is utilized in many life forms, where it is a key component of several enzymes involved in nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon metabolism. With the exception of...
Reduced reliance on the trace element selenium during evolution of mammals (2008)
Lobanov, Alexey V, Hatfield, Dolph L, Gladyshev, Vadim N
Abstract Background Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that occurs in proteins in the form of selenocysteine (Sec). It is transported throughout the body in the form of Sec residues in...
Loss of housekeeping selenoprotein expression in mouse liver modulates lipoprotein metabolism (2008)
Sengupta, Aniruddha, Carlson, Bradley A., Hoffmann, Victoria J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.
Selenium is incorporated into proteins as selenocysteine (Sec), which is dependent on its specific tRNA, designated tRNA [Ser]Sec. Targeted removal of the tRNA [Ser]Sec gene (Trsp) in mouse...
Lobanov, Alexey V., Fomenko, Dmitri E., Zhang, Yan, Sengupta, Aniruddha, Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Background: Selenocysteine (Sec) is a selenium-containing amino acid that is co-translationally inserted into nascent polypeptides by recoding UGA codons. Selenoproteins occur in both eukaryotes and...
Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Zhang, Yan, Mix, Heiko, Kryukov, Gregory V., Glass, Richard S., ...
We used comparative genomics and experimental analyses to show that (1) eukaryotes and archaea, which possess the selenocysteine (Sec) protein insertion machinery contain an enzyme,...
Lobanov, Alexey V, Fomenko, Dmitri E, Zhang, Yan, Sengupta, Aniruddha, Hatfield, Dolph L, Gladyshev, Vadim N
Abstract Background Selenocysteine (Sec) is a selenium-containing amino acid that is co-translationally inserted into nascent polypeptides by recoding UGA codons. Selenoproteins occur in both...
Carlson, Bradley A., Moustafa, Mohamed E., Sengupta, Aniruddha, Schweizer, Ulrich, Shrimali, Rajeev, Rao, Mahadev, ...
Novel mouse models were developed in which the hepatic selenoprotein population was targeted for removal by disrupting the selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA [Ser]Sec gene (trsp) and then selenoprotein...
Shchedrina, Valentina A., Novoselov, Sergey V., Malinouski, Mikalai I., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Selenocysteine (Sec, U) insertion into proteins is directed by translational recoding of specific UGA codons located upstream of a stemloop structure known as Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element....
Zhang, Yan, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Selenocysteine (Sec) and pyrrolysine (Pyl) are rare amino acids that are cotranslationally inserted into proteins and known as the 21st and 22nd amino acids in the genetic code. Sec and Pyl are...
Sal, Lena S., Aachmann, Finn L., Kim, Hwa-Young, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Dikiy, Alexander
Isotopically labeled, 15N and 15N/13C forms of recombinant methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase 1 (MsrB1, SelR) from Mus musculus were produced, in which catalytic selenocysteine was replaced with...
Selenoprotein H Is a Nucleolar Thioredoxin-like Protein with a Unique Expression Pattern (2007)
Novoselov, Sergey V., Kryukov, Gregory V., Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
The human selenoproteome consists of 25 known selenoproteins, but functions of many of these proteins are not known. Selenoprotein H (SelH) is a recently discovered 14-kDa mammalian protein with no...
Novel metabolism in Chlamydomonas through the lens of genomics (2007)
Grossman, Arthur R., Croft, Martin, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Merchant, Sebeeha S., Posewitz, Matthew C., Prochnik, Simon, ...
Chlamydomonas has traditionally been exploited as an organism that is associated with sophisticated physiological, genetic and molecular analyses, all of which have been used to elucidate several...
Zhang, Yan, Romero, Hector, Salinas, Gustavo, Gladyshev, Vadim N
Abstract Background Selenocysteine (Sec) is co-translationally inserted into protein in response to UGA codons. It occurs in oxidoreductase active sites and often is catalytically superior to...
Turanov, Anton A., Su, Dan, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Thioredoxin reductase (TR) and thioredoxin (Trx) define a major cellular redox system that maintains cysteine residues in numerous proteins in the reduced state. Both cytosolic (TR1 and Trx1) and...
"Preface" to Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health, Second Edition (2006)
Hatfield, Dolph L., Berry, Marla J., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
The purpose of the new edition book is to inform the reader of many new discoveries and to examine our present knowledge of the molecular biology of selenium, its incorporation into proteins as...
Selenoproteins and selenoproteomes (2006)
In the past several years, progress in genome sequencing and development of specialized bioinformatics tools allowed efficient identification of selenocysteine-containing proteins encoded in...
Mouse models for assessing the role of selenoproteins in health and development (2006)
Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Shrimali, Rajeev, Sengupta, Aniruddha, Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Zhong, Nianxin, ...
Mouse models have been generated to assess the roles of selenoproteins involved with housekeeping tasks and/or stress-related phenomena in development and health. Each mouse model has taken advantage...
Selenium and methionine sulfoxide reduction (2006)
Kim, Hwa-Young, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Methionine residues in proteins can be readily oxidized to a diastereomeric mixture of methionine sulfoxides by reactive oxygen species. In most organisms, methionine sulfoxides are reversibly and...
Salinas, Gustavo, Romero, Héctor, Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
The complete sequencing of genomes and the development of in silico methods for identification of genes encoding selenocysteine (Sec)-containing proteins have greatly contributed to shape our view on...
Selenoproteins in parasites (2006)
Salinas, Gustavo, Lobanov, Alexei V., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Parasites, which cause an enormous burden in the population of the third world, are a diverse group of organisms, many of which are sensitive to oxidative stress imposed by their hosts. In recent...
The 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15): functional analysis and role in cancer (2006)
Labunskyy, Vyacheslav M., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.
The 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) was identified several years ago as a protein of unknown function. In recent years, several lines of evidence implicated Sepl5 in the effect of dietary selenium in...
Mammalian and other eukaryotic selenocysteine tRNAs (2006)
Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Shrimali, Rajeev, Sengupta, Aniruddha, Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Irons, Robert, ...
Selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA occupies a prominent position in the expression of selenoproteins as it is essential for their synthesis and it provides the means by which selenium is co-translationally...
Yoo, Min-Hyuk, Xu, Xue-Ming, Carlson, Bradley A., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.
Dietary selenium has potent cancer prevention activity. Both low molecular weight selenocompounds and selenoproteins are implicated in this effect. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) is one of the major...
Kim, Hwa-Young, Gladyshev, Vadim N
Abstract Background Methionine sulfoxide reduction is an important protein repair pathway that protects against oxidative stress, controls protein function and has a role in regulation of aging....
Novoselov, Sergey V., Hua, Deame, Lobanov, A. V., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Sec (selenocysteine) is a rare amino acid in proteins. It is co-translationally inserted into proteins at UGA codons with the help of SECIS (Sec insertion sequence) elements. A full set of...
Ferguson, Andrew D., Labunskyy , Vyacheslav, Fomenko, Dmitri E., Arac, Demet, Chelliah, Yogarany, Amexcua, Carlos A., ...
Selenium has significant health benefits, including potent cancer prevention activity and roles in immune function and the male reproductive system. Selenium-containing proteins, which incorporate...
Xu, Xue-Ming, Mix, Heiko, Carlson, Bradley A., Grabowski, Paula J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Berry, Marla J., ...
Selenocysteine (Sec) is inserted into selenoproteins co-translationally with the help of various cis- and trans-acting factors. The specific mechanisms of Sec biosynthesis and insertion into protein...
Hwa-Young Kim, Vadim N. Gladyshev
Altering cysteine-containing residues in a family of oxidoreductases reveals the role of selenocysteine in influencing the catalytic mechanism.
Labunskyy, Vyacheslav M., Ferguson, Andrew D., Fomenko, Dmitri E., Chelliah, Yogarany, Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Selenium is an essential trace element with potent cancer prevention activity in mammals. The 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) has been implicated in the chemopreventive effect of dietary selenium....
Biterova, Ekaterina I., Turanov, Anton A., Gladyshev, Vadim N., Barycki, Joseph J.
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is an essential enzyme required for the efficient maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis, particularly in cancer cells that are sensitive to reactive oxygen...
Evolution of selenium utilization traits (2005)
Romero, Héctor, Zhang, Yan, Gladyshev, Vadim N, Salinas, Gustavo
Abstract Background The essential trace element selenium is used in a wide variety of biological processes. Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid, is co-translationally incorporated into a...
Mammalian Selenoprotein Thioredoxin-glutathione Reductase (2005)
Su, Dan, Novoselov, Sergey V., Sun, Qi-An, Moustafa, Mohamed E., Zhou, You, Oko, Richard, ...
Thioredoxin reductases (TRs) are important redox regulatory enzymes, which control the redox state of thioredoxins. Mammals have cytosolic and mitochondrial TRs, which contain an essential...
Pyrrolysine and Selenocysteine Use Dissimilar Decoding Strategies (2005)
Zhang, Yan, Baranov, Pavel V., Atkins, John F., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Selenocysteine (Sec) and pyrrolysine (Pyl) are known as the 21st and 22nd amino acids in protein. Both are encoded by codons that normally function as stop signals. Sec specification by UGA codons...
The microbial selenoproteome of the Sargasso Sea (2005)
Zhang, Yan, Fomenko, Dmitri E, Gladyshev, Vadim N
Abstract Background Selenocysteine (Sec) is a rare amino acid which occurs in proteins in major domains of life. It is encoded by TGA, which also serves as the signal for termination of translation,...
Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.
Selenium is an essential micronutrient in the diet of mammals and has many health benefits. Selenium-containing proteins are responsible for most, if not all, of these benefits. This element is...
Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.
Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st amino acid in the genetic code. Its tRNA is variably methylated on the 2'-Ohydroxyl site of the ribosyl moiety at position 34 (Um34). Herein, we identified a role of...
Identification and characterization of phosphoseryl-tRNA [Ser]Sec kinase (2004)
Carlson, Bradley A., Xu, Xue-Ming, Kryukov, Gregory V., Rao, Mahadev, Berry, Marla J., Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...
In 1970, a kinase activity that phosphorylated a minor species of seryl-tRNA to form phosphoseryl-tRNA was found in rooster liver [Maenpaa, P. H. & Bernfield, M. R. (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA...
New Techniques for Generation and Analysis (2004)
Chang Wang, Stephen D. Scott, Qingping Tao, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Vadim N. Gladyshev
We introduce new distance measures for the construction and analysis of phylogenies, focusing on thioredoxin-fold proteins. Our distance measures for tree construction are based on several criteria,...
The prokaryotic selenoproteome (2004)
Kryukov, Gregory V., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
In the genetic code, the UGA codon has a dual function as it encodes selenocysteine (Sec) and serves as a stop signal. However, only the translation terminator function is used in gene annotation...
Carlson, Bradley A., Novoselov, Sergey V., Kumaraswamy, Easwari, Jae Lee, Byeong, Anver, Miriam R., Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...
Selenium is essential in mammalian embryonic development. However, in adults, selenoprotein levels in several organs including liver can be substantially reduced by selenium deficiency without any...
Castellano, Sergi, Novoselov, Sergey V., Kryukov, Gregory V., Lescure, Alain, Blanco, Enrique, Krol, Alain, ...
While the genome sequence and gene content are available for an increasing number of organisms, eukaryotic selenoproteins remain poorly characterized. The dual role of the UGA codon confounds the...
Castellano, Sergi, Novoselov, Sergey V., Kryukov, Gregory V., Lescure, Alain, Blanco, Enrique, Krol, Alain, ...
While the genome sequence and gene content are available for an increasing number of organisms, eukaryotic selenoproteins remain poorly characterized. The dual role of the UGA codon confounds the...
Characterization of Mammalian Selenoproteomes (2003)
Kryukov, Gregory V., Castellano, Sergi, Novoselov, Sergey V., Lobanov, Alexey V., Zehtab, Omid, Guigo, Roderic, ...
In the genetic code, UGA serves as a stop signal and a selenocysteine codon, but no computational methods for identifying its coding function are available. Consequently, most selenoprotein genes are...
Kumar, R. Abhilash, Koc, Ahmet, Cerny, Ronald, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Methionine residues in proteins are susceptible to oxidation, and the resulting methionine sulfoxides can be reduced back to methionines by methionine- S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) and...
Selenium Metabolism in Drosophila (2001)
Martin-Romero, F. Javier, Kryukov, Gregory V., Lobanov, Alexei V., Carlson, Bradley A., Lee, Byeong Jae, Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...
Selenocysteine is a rare amino acid in protein that is encoded by UGA with the requirement of a downstream mRNA stem-loop structure, the selenocysteine insertion sequence element. To detect...
Identification and Characterization of a New Mammalian Glutaredoxin (Thioltransferase), Grx2 (2001)
Gladyshev, Vadim N., Liu, Aimin, Novoselov, Sergey V., Krysan, Konstantin, Sun, Qi-An, Kryukov, Valentin M., ...
A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways....
Korotkov, Konstantin V., Kumaraswamy, Easwari, Zhou, You, Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Mammalian selenocysteine-containing proteins characterized with respect to function are involved in redox processes and exhibit distinct expression patterns and cellular locations. A recently...
Heterogeneity within Animal Thioredoxin Reductases (2001)
Sun, Qi-An, Zappacosta, Francesca, Factor, Valentina M., Wirth, Peter J., Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Animal thioredoxin reductases (TRs) are selenocysteine- containing flavoenzymes that utilize NADPH for reduction of thioredoxins and other protein and nonprotein substrates. Three types of mammalian...
Structure-Expression Relationships of the 15-kDa Selenoprotein Gene (2000)
Kumaraswamy, Easwari, Malyhk, Andrey, Korotkov, Konstantin V., Kozyavkin, Sergei, Hu, Yajun, Lee, Byeong J., ...
Selenium has been implicated in cancer prevention, but the mechanism and possible involvement of selenoproteins in this process are not understood. To elucidate whether the 15-kDa selenoprotein may...
Kryukov, Gregory V., Kryukov, Valentin M., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Mammalian selenium-containing proteins identified thus far contain selenium in the form of a selenocysteine residue encoded by UGA. These proteins lack common amino acid sequence motifs, but...
Redox Regulation of Cell Signaling by Selenocysteine in Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductases (1999)
Sun, Qi-An, Wu, Yalin, Zappacosta, Francesca, Jeang, Kuan-Teh, Jae Lee, Byeong, Hatfield, Dolph L., ...
The intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, together with the thioredoxin and glutathione systems, is thought to participate in redox signaling in mammalian cells. The activity of...
Selenocysteine-Containing Proteins in Mammals (1998)
Gladyshev, Vadim N., Hatfield, Dolph L.
Since the recent discovery of selenocysteine as the 21st amino acid in protein, the field of selenium biology has rapidly expanded. Twelve mammalian selenoproteins have been characterized to date and...
A New Human Selenium-containing Protein (1998)
Gladyshev, Vadim N., Jeang, Kuan Teh, Wootton, John C., Hatfield, Dolph L.
Selenium which occurs in proteins as the amino acid, selenocysteine, is essential for numerous biological processes and for human health. A prominent 75Se-labeled protein detected in human T-cells...
Characterization of Crystalline Formate Dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli (1996)
Gladyshev, Vadim N., Boyington, Jeffrey C., Khangulov, Sergei V., Grahame, David, Stadtman, Thressa C., Sun, Peter D.
The selenocysteine-containing formate dehydrogenase H (FDH) is an 80-kDa component of the Escherichia coli formate-hydrogen lyase complex. The molybdenumcoordinated selenocysteine is essential for...
Gladyshev, Vadim N., Stadtman, Thressa C., Hatfield, Dolph L., Jeang, Kuan-Teh
It has been observed previously that plasma selenium and glutathione levels are subnormal in HIV-infected individuals, and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity is decreased. Under these conditions...
Selenoprotein oxidoreductase with specificity for thioredoxin and glutathione systems
Sun, Qi-An, Kirnarsky, Leo, Sherman, Simon, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems are considered to be two major redox systems in animal cells. They are reduced by NADPH via Trx reductase (TR) or oxidized GSH (GSSG) reductase and...
Moustafa, Mohamed E., Carlson, Bradley A., El-Saadani, Muhammad A., Kryukov, Gregory V., Sun, Qi-An, Harney, John W., ...
Selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA (tRNA[Ser]Sec) serves as both the site of Sec biosynthesis and the adapter molecule for donation of this amino acid to protein. The consequences on selenoprotein...
Selenoprotein R is a zinc-containing stereo-specific methionine sulfoxide reductase
Kryukov, Gregory V., Kumar, R. Abhilash, Koc, Ahmet, Sun, Zhaohui, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Selenoprotein R (SelR) is a mammalian selenocysteine-containing protein with no known function. Here we report that cysteine homologs of SelR are present in all organisms except certain parasites and...
Novoselov, Sergey V., Rao, Mahadev, Onoshko, Natalia V., Zhi, Huijun, Kryukov, Gregory V., Xiang, Youbin, ...
Known eukaryotic selenocysteine (Sec)-containing proteins are animal proteins, whereas selenoproteins have not been found in yeast and plants. Surprisingly, we detected selenoproteins in a member of...
Korotkov, Konstantin V., Novoselov, Sergey V., Hatfield, Dolph L., Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid in protein, is encoded by UGA. The Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is the stem-loop structure present in 3" untranslated regions (UTRs) of...
Selective Removal of the Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec Gene (Trsp) in Mouse Mammary Epithelium
Kumaraswamy, Easwari, Carlson, Bradley A., Morgan, Fanta, Miyoshi, Keiko, Robinson, Gertraud W., Su, Dan, ...
Mice homozygous for an allele encoding the selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA[Ser]Sec gene (Trsp) flanked by loxP sites were generated. Cre recombinase-dependent removal of Trsp in these mice was lethal to...
Kwon, So Yeon, Badenhorst, Paul, Martin-Romero, F. Javier, Carlson, Bradley A., Paterson, Bruce M., Gladyshev, Vadim N., ...
Selenium is implicated in many diseases, including cancer, but its function at the molecular level is poorly understood. BthD is one of three selenoproteins recently identified in Drosophila. To...
Methionine Sulfoxide Reduction in Mammals: Characterization of Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductases
Kim, Hwa-Young, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Methionine residues in proteins are susceptible to oxidation by reactive oxygen species, but can be repaired via reduction of the resulting methionine sulfoxides by methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase...
Koc, Ahmet, Gasch, Audrey P., Rutherford, Julian C., Kim, Hwa-Young, Gladyshev, Vadim N.
Aging is thought to be caused by the accumulation of damage, primarily from oxidative modifications of cellular components by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we used yeast methionine sulfoxide...