Paul Racz

Lack of Mucosal Immune Reconstitution during Prolonged Treatment of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection (2006)

Saurabh Mehandru, Michael A. Poles, Klara Tenner-Racz, Patrick Jean-Pierre, Victoria Manuelli, Peter Lopez, ...

BackgroundDuring acute and early HIV-1 infection (AEI), up to 60% of CD4+ T cells in the lamina propria of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract are lost as early as 2–4 wk after infection....

Correction: Lack of Mucosal Immune Reconstitution during Prolonged Treatment of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection (2006)

Saurabh Mehandru, Michael A. Poles, Klara Tenner-Racz, Patrick Jean-Pierre, Victoria Manuelli, Peter Lopez, ...

Cellular Tropism and Viral Interleukin-6 Expression Distinguish Human Herpesvirus 8 Involvement in Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Primary Effusion Lymphoma, and Multicentric Castleman’s Disease

Staskus, Katherine A., Sun, Ren, Miller, George, Racz, Paul, Jaslowski, Anthony, Metroka, Craig, ...

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection has been implicated in the etiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD), three diseases...

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) gag DNA-Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys Develop Secondary Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses and Control Viral Replication after Pathogenic SIV Infection

Egan, Michael A., Charini, William A., Kuroda, Marcelo J., Schmitz, Jörn E., Racz, Paul, Tenner-Racz, Klara, ...

The potential contribution of a plasmid DNA construct to vaccine-elicited protective immunity was explored in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model of AIDS. Making use of soluble...

Membrane-Fusing Capacity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Proteins Determines the Efficiency of CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in Macaques Infected by a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Etemad-Moghadam, Bijan, Rhone, Daniela, Steenbeke, Tavis, Sun, Ying, Manola, Judith, Gelman, Rebecca, ...

The mechanism of the progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which underlies the development of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected individuals, is unknown. Animal models, such as...

Increased Macrophage Infection upon Subcutaneous Inoculation of Rhesus Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Loaded Dendritic Cells or T Cells but Not with Cell-Free Virus

Ignatius, Ralf, Tenner-Racz, Klara, Messmer, Davorka, Gettie, Agegnehu, Blanchard, James, Luckay, Amara, ...

Information on the establishment of immunodeficiency virus infection through transmission of infected cells is sparse. Dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells may be central to the onset and subsequent...

The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Δnef Vaccine, after Application to the Tonsils of Rhesus Macaques, Replicates Primarily within CD4+ T Cells and Elicits a Local Perforin-Positive CD8+ T-Cell Response

Stahl-Hennig, Christiane, Steinman, Ralph M., Ten Haaft, Peter, Überla, Klaus, Stolte, Nicole, Saeland, Sem, ...

Deletion of the nef gene from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac239 yields a virus that undergoes attenuated growth in rhesus macaques and offers substantial protection against a...

Increased Virus Replication and Virulence after Serial Passage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 in Baboons

Locher, Christopher P., Witt, Stephanie A., Herndier, Brian G., Abbey, Nancy W., Tenner-Racz, Klara, Racz, Paul, ...

Similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of humans, the natural history of HIV-2 infection in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) is a slow and chronic disease that generally takes...

Effect of Humoral Immune Responses on Controlling Viremia during Primary Infection of Rhesus Monkeys with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Schmitz, Jörn E., Kuroda, Marcelo J., Santra, Sampa, Simon, Meredith A., Lifton, Michelle A., Lin, Wenyu, ...

Cellular immune responses mediated by CD8+ lymphocytes exert efficient control of virus replication during primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. However, the role that antibodies may...

Mice Deficient in Interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-4 Receptor α Have Higher Resistance to Sporozoite Infection with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) than Do Naive Wild-Type Mice

Saeftel, Michael, Krueger, Andreas, Arriens, Sandra, Heussler, Volker, Racz, Paul, Fleischer, Bernhard, ...

BALB/c interleukin-4 (IL-4−/−) or IL-4 receptor-α (IL-4rα−/−) knockout (KO) mice were used to assess the roles of the IL-4 and IL-13 pathways during infections with the blood or liver...

Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus

Tenner-Racz, Klara, Hennig, Christiane Stahl, Überla, Klaus, Stoiber, Heribert, Ignatius, Ralf, Heeney, Jonathan, ...

Atraumatic application of attenuated SIVmac239Δnef vaccine to the tonsils of rhesus macaques provided protection against challenge 26 weeks later with infectious SIVmac251 applied through this...

Effect of CD8+ Lymphocyte Depletion on Virus Containment after Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Challenge of Live Attenuated SIVmac239Δ3-Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques

Schmitz, Jörn E., Johnson, R. Paul, McClure, Harold M., Manson, Kelledy H., Wyand, Michael S., Kuroda, Marcelo J., ...

Although live attenuated vaccines can provide potent protection against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenges, the specific immune responses that...

Persistence of HIV-1 structural proteins and glycoproteins in lymph nodes of patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy

Popovic, Mikulas, Tenner-Racz, Klara, Pelser, Colleen, Stellbrink, Hans-Jurgen, Van Lunzen, Jan, Lewis, George, ...

Here we report a long-term persistence of HIV-1 structural proteins and glycoproteins in germinal centers (GCs) of lymph nodes (LNs) in the absence of detectable virus replication in patients under...

Cellular Tropism and Viral Interleukin-6 Expression Distinguish Human Herpesvirus 8 Involvement in Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Primary Effusion Lymphoma, and Multicentric Castleman’s Disease

Staskus, Katherine A., Sun, Ren, Miller, George, Racz, Paul, Jaslowski, Anthony, Metroka, Craig, ...

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection has been implicated in the etiology of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD), three diseases...

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) gag DNA-Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys Develop Secondary Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses and Control Viral Replication after Pathogenic SIV Infection

Egan, Michael A., Charini, William A., Kuroda, Marcelo J., Schmitz, Jörn E., Racz, Paul, Tenner-Racz, Klara, ...

The potential contribution of a plasmid DNA construct to vaccine-elicited protective immunity was explored in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model of AIDS. Making use of soluble...

Membrane-Fusing Capacity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Proteins Determines the Efficiency of CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in Macaques Infected by a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Etemad-Moghadam, Bijan, Rhone, Daniela, Steenbeke, Tavis, Sun, Ying, Manola, Judith, Gelman, Rebecca, ...

The mechanism of the progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which underlies the development of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected individuals, is unknown. Animal models, such as...

Increased Macrophage Infection upon Subcutaneous Inoculation of Rhesus Macaques with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Loaded Dendritic Cells or T Cells but Not with Cell-Free Virus

Ignatius, Ralf, Tenner-Racz, Klara, Messmer, Davorka, Gettie, Agegnehu, Blanchard, James, Luckay, Amara, ...

Information on the establishment of immunodeficiency virus infection through transmission of infected cells is sparse. Dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells may be central to the onset and subsequent...

The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Δnef Vaccine, after Application to the Tonsils of Rhesus Macaques, Replicates Primarily within CD4+ T Cells and Elicits a Local Perforin-Positive CD8+ T-Cell Response

Stahl-Hennig, Christiane, Steinman, Ralph M., Ten Haaft, Peter, Überla, Klaus, Stolte, Nicole, Saeland, Sem, ...

Deletion of the nef gene from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac239 yields a virus that undergoes attenuated growth in rhesus macaques and offers substantial protection against a...

Increased Virus Replication and Virulence after Serial Passage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 in Baboons

Locher, Christopher P., Witt, Stephanie A., Herndier, Brian G., Abbey, Nancy W., Tenner-Racz, Klara, Racz, Paul, ...

Similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of humans, the natural history of HIV-2 infection in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) is a slow and chronic disease that generally takes...

Effect of Humoral Immune Responses on Controlling Viremia during Primary Infection of Rhesus Monkeys with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Schmitz, Jörn E., Kuroda, Marcelo J., Santra, Sampa, Simon, Meredith A., Lifton, Michelle A., Lin, Wenyu, ...

Cellular immune responses mediated by CD8+ lymphocytes exert efficient control of virus replication during primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. However, the role that antibodies may...

Mice Deficient in Interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-4 Receptor α Have Higher Resistance to Sporozoite Infection with Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) than Do Naive Wild-Type Mice

Saeftel, Michael, Krueger, Andreas, Arriens, Sandra, Heussler, Volker, Racz, Paul, Fleischer, Bernhard, ...

BALB/c interleukin-4 (IL-4−/−) or IL-4 receptor-α (IL-4rα−/−) knockout (KO) mice were used to assess the roles of the IL-4 and IL-13 pathways during infections with the blood or liver...

Early protection against pathogenic virus infection at a mucosal challenge site after vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus

Tenner-Racz, Klara, Hennig, Christiane Stahl, Überla, Klaus, Stoiber, Heribert, Ignatius, Ralf, Heeney, Jonathan, ...

Atraumatic application of attenuated SIVmac239Δnef vaccine to the tonsils of rhesus macaques provided protection against challenge 26 weeks later with infectious SIVmac251 applied through this...

Effect of CD8+ Lymphocyte Depletion on Virus Containment after Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Challenge of Live Attenuated SIVmac239Δ3-Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques

Schmitz, Jörn E., Johnson, R. Paul, McClure, Harold M., Manson, Kelledy H., Wyand, Michael S., Kuroda, Marcelo J., ...

Although live attenuated vaccines can provide potent protection against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenges, the specific immune responses that...

Persistence of HIV-1 structural proteins and glycoproteins in lymph nodes of patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy

Popovic, Mikulas, Tenner-Racz, Klara, Pelser, Colleen, Stellbrink, Hans-Jurgen, Van Lunzen, Jan, Lewis, George, ...

Here we report a long-term persistence of HIV-1 structural proteins and glycoproteins in germinal centers (GCs) of lymph nodes (LNs) in the absence of detectable virus replication in patients under...

Correction: Lack of Mucosal Immune Reconstitution during Prolonged Treatment of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection

Mehandru, Saurabh, Poles, Michael A, Tenner-Racz, Klara, Jean-Pierre, Patrick, Manuelli, Victoria, Lopez, Peter, ...

Lack of Mucosal Immune Reconstitution during Prolonged Treatment of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection

Mehandru, Saurabh, Poles, Michael A, Tenner-Racz, Klara, Jean-Pierre, Patrick, Manuelli, Victoria, Lopez, Peter, ...

Despite early initiation of anti-HIV therapy, loss of T cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa persisted for years in most members of a clinical cohort identified early after HIV-1 infection.

Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal CD4+ T-Cell Depletion during Acute and Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection▿

Mehandru, Saurabh, Poles, Michael A., Tenner-Racz, Klara, Manuelli, Victoria, Jean-Pierre, Patrick, Lopez, Peter, ...

During acute and early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (AEI) more than 50% of CD4+ T cells are preferentially depleted from the gastrointestinal (GI) lamina propria. To better...

A Nonhuman Primate Model for the Selective Elimination of CD8+ Lymphocytes Using a Mouse-Human Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody

Schmitz, Jörn E., Simon, Meredith A., Kuroda, Marcelo J., Lifton, Michelle A., Ollert, Markus W., Vogel, Carl-Wilhelm, ...

Nonhuman primates provide valuable animal models for human diseases. However, studies assessing the role of cell-mediated immune responses have been difficult to perform in nonhuman primates. We have...

Adjunctive Passive Immunotherapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals Treated with Antiviral Therapy during Acute and Early Infection▿ †

Mehandru, Saurabh, Vcelar, Brigitta, Wrin, Terri, Stiegler, Gabriela, Joos, Beda, Mohri, Hiroshi, ...

Three neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10, with activity in vitro and in vivo were administered in an open-label, nonrandomized, proof-of-concept study to attempt to...

Primary HIV-1 Infection Is Associated with Preferential Depletion of CD4+ T Lymphocytes from Effector Sites in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Mehandru, Saurabh, Poles, Michael A., Tenner-Racz, Klara, Horowitz, Amir, Hurley, Arlene, Hogan, Christine, ...

Given its population of CCR5-expressing, immunologically activated CD4+ T cells, the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is uniquely susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. We...

Atraumatic Oral Spray Immunization with Replication-Deficient Viral Vector Vaccines▿

Stahl-Hennig, Christiane, Kuate, Seraphin, Franz, Monika, Suh, You S., Stoiber, Heribert, Sauermann, Ulrike, ...

The development of needle-free vaccines is one of the recently defined “grand challenges in global health” (H. Varmus, R. Klausner, R. Klausner, R. Zerhouni, T. Acharya, A. S. Daar, and P. A....

The Unenlarged Lymph Nodes of HIV-1–infected, Asymptomatic Patients with High CD4 T Cell Counts Are Sites for Virus Replication and CD4 T Cell Proliferation. The Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Tenner-Racz, Klara, Stellbrink, Hans-Jürgen, Van Lunzen, Jan, Schneider, Claus, Jacobs, Jan-Peter, Raschdorff, Birgit, ...

The efficacy of triple drug therapy for HIV-1 infection encourages its early use to prevent damage to the immune system. We monitored the effects of such therapy on 12 patients with 14–75-mo...

The Envelope Glycoprotein Ectodomains Determine the Efficiency of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Depletion in Simian– Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Macaques

Karlsson, Gunilla B., Halloran, Matilda, Schenten, Dominik, Lee, Juliette, Racz, Paul, Tenner-Racz, Klara, ...

CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected humans underlies the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Using a model in which rhesus macaques...