Kwang Sik Kim

Plasmodium falciparum Uses gC1qR/HABP1/p32 as a Receptor to Bind to Vascular Endothelium and for Platelet-Mediated Clumping (2007)

Anup Kumar Biswas, Abdul Hafiz, Bhaswati Banerjee, Kwang Sik Kim, Kasturi Datta, Chetan E. Chitnis

The ability of Plasmodium falciparum–infected red blood cells (IRBCs) to bind to vascular endothelium, thus enabling sequestration in vital host organs, is an important pathogenic mechanism in...

Acanthamoeba castellanii induces host cell death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism (2005)

Sissons, James, Kim, Kwang Sik, Stins, Monique, Jayasekera, Samantha, Alsam, Selwa, Khan, Naveed Ahmed

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain...

Escherichia coli K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State (2005)

Teng, Ching-Hao, Cai, Mian, Shin, Sooan, Xie, Yi, Kim, Kee-Jun, Khan, Naveed Ahmed, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E....

Acanthamoeba castellanii induces host cell death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism (2005)

Sissons, James, Kim, Kwang Sik, Stins, Monique, Jayasekera, Samantha, Alsam, Selwa, Khan, Naveed Ahmed

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain...

Escherichia coli K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State (2005)

Teng, Ching-Hao, Cai, Mian, Shin, Sooan, Xie, Yi, Kim, Kee-Jun, Khan, Naveed Ahmed, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E....

Acanthamoeba castellanii induces host cell death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism (2005)

Sissons, James, Kim, Kwang Sik, Stins, Monique, Jayasekera, Samantha, Alsam, Selwa, Khan, Naveed Ahmed

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain...

Escherichia coli K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State (2005)

Teng, Ching-Hao, Cai, Mian, Shin, Sooan, Xie, Yi, Kim, Kee-Jun, Khan, Naveed Ahmed, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E....

Acanthamoeba castellanii induces host cell death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism (2005)

Sissons, James, Kim, Kwang Sik, Stins, Monique, Jayasekera, Samantha, Alsam, Selwa, Khan, Naveed Ahmed

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain...

Escherichia coli K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State (2005)

Teng, Ching-Hao, Cai, Mian, Shin, Sooan, Xie, Yi, Kim, Kee-Jun, Khan, Naveed Ahmed, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E....

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOME INTERACTIONS WITH AN IN VITRO MODEL OF THE HUMAN BLOOD–BRAIN BARRIER (2004)

Dennis J. Grab, Olga Nikolskaia, Yuri V. Kim, Susumu Ito, Tatsuru Hara, ...

The neurological manifestations of sleeping sickness in man are attributed to the penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and invasion of the central nervous system by Trypanosoma brucei...

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Ibe10 Binding Protein That Contributes to Escherichia coli Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Wass, Carol A., Huang, Sheng-He, Kim, Kwang Sik

The molecular basis of Escherichia coli traversal of the blood-brain barrier in the development of E. coli meningitis is not well understood. We have previously shown that a novel Ibe10 protein found...

Opacity-Associated Protein A Contributes to the Binding of Haemophilus influenzae to Chang Epithelial Cells

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Lysenko, Elena, Wass, Carol A., Kim, Kwang Sik, Weiser, Jeffrey N.

Opacity-associated protein A (OapA), which is responsible for the transparent-colony phenotype of Haemophilus influenzae, has been implicated in the colonization of the nasopharynx in an infant rat...

The Gene Locus yijP Contributes to Escherichia coli K1 Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Wang, Ying, Huang, Sheng-He, Wass, Carol A., Stins, Monique F., Kim, Kwang Sik

Most cases of Escherichia coli meningitis develop as a result of hematogenous spread, but it is not clear how circulating E. coli crosses the blood-brain barrier. A TnphoA mutant of E. coli K1 RS218...

Escherichia coli Binding to and Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived from Humans and Rats of Different Ages

Stins, Monique F., Nemani, Prasadarao V., Wass, Carol, Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli meningitis commonly occurs in the neonatal period, but the basis of this age dependency is unclear. We have previously identified two types of E. coli-brain microvascular endothelial...

Outer Membrane Protein A-Promoted Actin Condensation of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Is Required for Escherichia coli Invasion

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Wass, Carol A., Stins, Monique F., Shimada, Hiroyuki, Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis during the neonatal period. We have previously shown that the entry of circulating E. coli organisms into the...

Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Interactions with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Charland, Nathalie, Nizet, Victor, Rubens, Craig E., Kim, Kwang Sik, Lacouture, Sonia, Gottschalk, Marcelo

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a worldwide causative agent of many forms of swine infection and is also recognized as a zoonotic agent causing human disease, including meningitis. The pathogenesis...

Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: an Electron Microscopic Study

Greiffenberg, Lars, Goebel, Werner, Kim, Kwang Sik, Daniels, Justin, Kuhn, Michael

Internalization of Listeria monocytogenes into human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) has recently been demonstrated to be dependent upon the inlB gene. In the present scanning electron...

Involvement of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Escherichia coli Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Reddy, Marpadga A., Wass, Carol A., Kim, Kwang Sik, Schlaepfer, David D., Prasadarao, Nemani V.

Escherichia coli K1 traversal across the blood-brain barrier is an essential step in the pathogenesis of neonatal meningitis. We have previously shown that invasive E. coli promotes the actin...

Pneumolysin Is the Main Inducer of Cytotoxicity to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Zysk, Gregor, Schneider-Wald, Barbara Katharina, Hwang, Jae Hyuk, Bejo, Levente, Kim, Kwang Sik, Mitchell, Timothy J., ...

In pneumococcal meningitis it is assumed that bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of cerebral endothelial cells. The effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the BBB was...

Traversal of Candida albicans across Human Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro

Jong, Ambrose Y., Stins, Monique F., Huang, Sheng-He, Chen, Steven H. M., Kim, Kwang Sik

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, which primarily affects neonates and immunocompromised individuals. The pathogen can invade the central nervous system, resulting in meningitis. At...

Restriction of Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Activation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase

Däubener, Walter, Spors, Birgit, Hucke, Christian, Adam, Rüdiger, Stins, Monique, Kim, Kwang Sik, ...

One of the first steps in the development of cerebral toxoplasmosis is the penetration of the blood-brain barrier, which is comprised of microvascular endothelial cells. We examined the capacity of...

Application of Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis for Identification of Escherichia coli K1 Genes That Contribute to Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Badger, Julie L., Wass, Carol A., Weissman, Scott J., Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli K1 is the leading cause of gram-negative bacterial meningitis in neonates. It is principally due to our limited understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease that the morbidity...

Escherichia coli K1 aslA Contributes to Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Hoffman, Jill A., Badger, Julie L., Zhang, Yan, Huang, Sheng-He, Kim, Kwang Sik

Neonatal Escherichia coli meningitis remains a devastating disease, with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality despite advances in supportive care measures and bactericidal antibiotics. To...

Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: InlB-Dependent Invasion, Long-Term Intracellular Growth, and Spread from Macrophages to Endothelial Cells

Greiffenberg, Lars, Goebel, Werner, Kim, Kwang Sik, Weiglein, Inge, Bubert, Andreas, Engelbrecht, Fredi, ...

Invasion of endothelial tissues may be crucial in a Listeria monocytogenes infection leading to meningitis and/or encephalitis. Internalization of L. monocytogenes into endothelial cells has been...

Environmental Growth Conditions Influence the Ability of Escherichia coli K1 To Invade Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Confer Serum Resistance

Badger, Julie L., Kim, Kwang Sik

A major limitation to advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal meningitis is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In an effort to understand the pathogenesis of...

Identification and Characterization of an Escherichia coli Invasion Gene Locus, ibeB, Required for Penetration of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Huang, Sheng-He, Chen, Yu-Hua, Fu, Qi, Stins, Monique, Wang, Ying, Wass, Carol, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is the most common gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis, but the mechanism by which E. coli K1 crosses the blood-brain barrier is incompletely understood. We have...

The Capsule Supports Survival but Not Traversal of Escherichia coli K1 across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Hoffman, Jill A., Wass, Carol, Stins, Monique F., Kim, Kwang Sik

The vast majority of cases of gram-negative meningitis in neonates are caused by K1-encapsulated Escherichia coli. The role of the K1 capsule in the pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis was examined...

Antibodies Present in Normal Human Serum Inhibit Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Listeria monocytogenes

Hertzig, Tobias, Weber, Martin, Greiffenberg, Lars, Holthausen, Britta Schulte, Goebel, Werner, Kim, Kwang Sik, ...

Listeria monocytogenes causes meningitis and encephalitis in humans and crosses the blood-brain barrier by yet unknown mechanisms. The interaction of the bacteria with different types of endothelial...

Cloning and Expression of the Escherichia coli K1 Outer Membrane Protein A Receptor, a gp96 Homologue

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Srivastava, Pramod K., Rudrabhatla, Rajyalakshmi S., Kim, Kwang Sik, Huang, Sheng-he, Sukumaran, Sunil K.

Escherichia coli is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria that cause meningitis in neonates. Our previous studies have shown that outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli interacts with a...

Importance of Medium in Demonstrating Penicillin Tolerance by Group B Streptococci

Kim, Kwang Sik, Yoshimori, Robert N., Imagawa, David T., Anthony, Bascom F.

A total of 30 clinical isolates of group B streptococci were studied for penicillin tolerance in vitro. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of penicillin were determined simultaneously...

Cryptococcal Yeast Cells Invade the Central Nervous System via Transcellular Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Chang, Yun C., Stins, Monique F., McCaffery, Michael J., Miller, Georgina F., Pare, Dan R., Dam, Tapen, ...

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis develops as a result of hematogenous dissemination of inhaled Cryptococcus neoformans from the lung to the brain. The mechanism(s) by which C. neoformans crosses the...

A Salmonella fim Homologue in Citrobacter freundii Mediates Invasion In Vitro and Crossing of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Rat Pup Model

Hess, Petra, Altenhöfer, Artur, Khan, A. Salam, Daryab, Neda, Kim, Kwang Sik, Hacker, Jörg, ...

From the invasive Citrobacter freundii strain 3009, an invasion determinant was cloned, sequenced, and expressed. Sequence analysis of the determinant showed high homology with the fim determinant...

Borrelia burgdorferi, Host-Derived Proteases, and the Blood-Brain Barrier

Grab, Dennis J., Perides, George, Dumler, J. Stephen, Kim, Kee Jun, Park, Jinho, Kim, Yuri V., ...

Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease in humans are attributed in part to penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by Borrelia burgdorferi....

Acanthamoeba castellanii Induces Host Cell Death via a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Dependent Mechanism

Sissons, James, Kim, Kwang Sik, Stins, Monique, Jayasekera, Samantha, Alsam, Selwa, Khan, Naveed Ahmed

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba castellanii is a serious human infection with fatal consequences, but it is not clear how the circulating amoebae interact with the blood-brain...

Escherichia coli K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State

Teng, Ching-Hao, Cai, Mian, Shin, Sooan, Xie, Yi, Kim, Kee-Jun, Khan, Naveed Ahmed, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E....

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Mediates Cell Type-Specific Anti-Measles Virus Activity of Gamma Interferon

Obojes, Karola, Andres, Oliver, Kim, Kwang Sik, Däubener, Walter, Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen

Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) has been shown to be increased in sera from patients with acute measles and after vaccination, to exhibit protective functions in brains of patients with subacute sclerosing...

Approaches to Bacterial RNA Isolation and Purification for Microarray Analysis of Escherichia coli K1 Interaction with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Di Cello, Francescopaolo, Xie, Yi, Paul-Satyaseela, Maneesh, Kim, Kwang Sik

We established a protocol for isolation of microarray-grade bacterial RNA from Escherichia coli K1 interacting with human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The extracted RNA was free of human...

Surfactant proteins A and D inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria by increasing membrane permeability

Wu, Huixing, Kuzmenko, Alexander, Wan, Sijue, Schaffer, Lyndsay, Weiss, Alison, Fisher, James H., ...

The pulmonary collectins, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), have been reported to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS), opsonize microorganisms, and enhance the clearance of lung pathogens. In this...

Genomic Comparison of Escherichia coli K1 Strains Isolated from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningitis †

Yao, Yufeng, Xie, Yi, Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli is a major cause of enteric/diarrheal diseases, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. E. coli K1 is the leading gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis, but the microbial...

HbiF Regulates Type 1 Fimbriation Independently of FimB and FimE

Xie, Yi, Yao, Yufeng, Kolisnychenko, Vitaliy, Teng, Ching-Hao, Kim, Kwang Sik

Type 1 fimbriae have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal Escherichia coli infection. Type 1 fimbriation in E. coli is phase variable and known to be dependent upon...

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Ibe10 Binding Protein That Contributes to Escherichia coli Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Wass, Carol A., Huang, Sheng-He, Kim, Kwang Sik

The molecular basis of Escherichia coli traversal of the blood-brain barrier in the development of E. coli meningitis is not well understood. We have previously shown that a novel Ibe10 protein found...

Opacity-Associated Protein A Contributes to the Binding of Haemophilus influenzae to Chang Epithelial Cells

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Lysenko, Elena, Wass, Carol A., Kim, Kwang Sik, Weiser, Jeffrey N.

Opacity-associated protein A (OapA), which is responsible for the transparent-colony phenotype of Haemophilus influenzae, has been implicated in the colonization of the nasopharynx in an infant rat...

The Gene Locus yijP Contributes to Escherichia coli K1 Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Wang, Ying, Huang, Sheng-He, Wass, Carol A., Stins, Monique F., Kim, Kwang Sik

Most cases of Escherichia coli meningitis develop as a result of hematogenous spread, but it is not clear how circulating E. coli crosses the blood-brain barrier. A TnphoA mutant of E. coli K1 RS218...

Escherichia coli Binding to and Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived from Humans and Rats of Different Ages

Stins, Monique F., Nemani, Prasadarao V., Wass, Carol, Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli meningitis commonly occurs in the neonatal period, but the basis of this age dependency is unclear. We have previously identified two types of E. coli-brain microvascular endothelial...

Outer Membrane Protein A-Promoted Actin Condensation of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Is Required for Escherichia coli Invasion

Prasadarao, Nemani V., Wass, Carol A., Stins, Monique F., Shimada, Hiroyuki, Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis during the neonatal period. We have previously shown that the entry of circulating E. coli organisms into the...

Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Interactions with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Charland, Nathalie, Nizet, Victor, Rubens, Craig E., Kim, Kwang Sik, Lacouture, Sonia, Gottschalk, Marcelo

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a worldwide causative agent of many forms of swine infection and is also recognized as a zoonotic agent causing human disease, including meningitis. The pathogenesis...

Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: an Electron Microscopic Study

Greiffenberg, Lars, Goebel, Werner, Kim, Kwang Sik, Daniels, Justin, Kuhn, Michael

Internalization of Listeria monocytogenes into human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) has recently been demonstrated to be dependent upon the inlB gene. In the present scanning electron...

Involvement of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Escherichia coli Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Reddy, Marpadga A., Wass, Carol A., Kim, Kwang Sik, Schlaepfer, David D., Prasadarao, Nemani V.

Escherichia coli K1 traversal across the blood-brain barrier is an essential step in the pathogenesis of neonatal meningitis. We have previously shown that invasive E. coli promotes the actin...

Pneumolysin Is the Main Inducer of Cytotoxicity to Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Zysk, Gregor, Schneider-Wald, Barbara Katharina, Hwang, Jae Hyuk, Bejo, Levente, Kim, Kwang Sik, Mitchell, Timothy J., ...

In pneumococcal meningitis it is assumed that bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of cerebral endothelial cells. The effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae on the BBB was...

Traversal of Candida albicans across Human Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro

Jong, Ambrose Y., Stins, Monique F., Huang, Sheng-He, Chen, Steven H. M., Kim, Kwang Sik

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, which primarily affects neonates and immunocompromised individuals. The pathogen can invade the central nervous system, resulting in meningitis. At...

Restriction of Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Activation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase

Däubener, Walter, Spors, Birgit, Hucke, Christian, Adam, Rüdiger, Stins, Monique, Kim, Kwang Sik, ...

One of the first steps in the development of cerebral toxoplasmosis is the penetration of the blood-brain barrier, which is comprised of microvascular endothelial cells. We examined the capacity of...

Application of Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis for Identification of Escherichia coli K1 Genes That Contribute to Invasion of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Badger, Julie L., Wass, Carol A., Weissman, Scott J., Kim, Kwang Sik

Escherichia coli K1 is the leading cause of gram-negative bacterial meningitis in neonates. It is principally due to our limited understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease that the morbidity...

Escherichia coli K1 aslA Contributes to Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Hoffman, Jill A., Badger, Julie L., Zhang, Yan, Huang, Sheng-He, Kim, Kwang Sik

Neonatal Escherichia coli meningitis remains a devastating disease, with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality despite advances in supportive care measures and bactericidal antibiotics. To...

Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: InlB-Dependent Invasion, Long-Term Intracellular Growth, and Spread from Macrophages to Endothelial Cells

Greiffenberg, Lars, Goebel, Werner, Kim, Kwang Sik, Weiglein, Inge, Bubert, Andreas, Engelbrecht, Fredi, ...

Invasion of endothelial tissues may be crucial in a Listeria monocytogenes infection leading to meningitis and/or encephalitis. Internalization of L. monocytogenes into endothelial cells has been...

Environmental Growth Conditions Influence the Ability of Escherichia coli K1 To Invade Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Confer Serum Resistance

Badger, Julie L., Kim, Kwang Sik

A major limitation to advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal meningitis is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In an effort to understand the pathogenesis of...

Identification and Characterization of an Escherichia coli Invasion Gene Locus, ibeB, Required for Penetration of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Huang, Sheng-He, Chen, Yu-Hua, Fu, Qi, Stins, Monique, Wang, Ying, Wass, Carol, ...

Escherichia coli K1 is the most common gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis, but the mechanism by which E. coli K1 crosses the blood-brain barrier is incompletely understood. We have...

The Capsule Supports Survival but Not Traversal of Escherichia coli K1 across the Blood-Brain Barrier

Hoffman, Jill A., Wass, Carol, Stins, Monique F., Kim, Kwang Sik

The vast majority of cases of gram-negative meningitis in neonates are caused by K1-encapsulated Escherichia coli. The role of the K1 capsule in the pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis was examined...