Kenneth C. Holmes

A comparison of muscle thin filament models obtained from electron microscopy reconstructions and low−angle X−ray fibre diagrams from non−overlap muscle (2006)

Poole, Katrina J. V., Lorenz, Michael, Evans, Gwyndaf, Rosenbaum, Gerd, Pirani, Alnoor, Craig, Roger, ...

The regulation of striated muscle contraction involves changes in the interactions of troponin and tropomyosin with actin thin filaments. In resting muscle, myosin−binding sites on actin are...

Structural mechanism of the recovery stroke in the Myosin molecular motor (2005)

Fischer, Stefan, Windshügel, Björn, Horak, Daniel, Holmes, Kenneth C., Smith, Jeremy

The power stroke pulling myosin along actin filaments during muscle contraction is achieved by a large rotation (approx. 60°) of the myosin lever arm after ATP hydrolysis. Upon binding the next ATP,...

The structure of the rigor complex and its implications for the power stroke (2004)

Holmes,Kenneth C., Schröder,Rasmus R., Sweeney,H. L., Houdusse,Anne

Decorated actin provides a model system for studying the strong interaction between actin and myosin. Cryo−energy−filter electron microscopy has recently yielded a 14 Å resolution map of rabbit...

The structure of the rigor complex and its implications for the power stroke (2004)

Holmes,Kenneth C., Schröder,Rasmus R., Sweeney,H. L., Houdusse,Anne

Decorated actin provides a model system for studying the strong interaction between actin and myosin. Cryo-energy-filter electron microscopy has recently yielded a 14 Å resolution map of rabbit...

The structure of the rigor complex and its implications for the power stroke (2004)

Holmes, Kenneth C., Schröder, Rasmus R., Sweeney, H. L., Houdusse, Anne

Decorated actin provides a model system for studying the strong interaction between actin and myosin. Cryo−energy−filter electron microscopy has recently yielded a 14 Å resolution map of rabbit...

The structure of the rigor complex and its implications for the power stroke (2004)

Holmes, Kenneth C., Schröder, Rasmus R., Sweeney, H. L., Houdusse, Anne

Decorated actin provides a model system for studying the strong interaction between actin and myosin. Cryo-energy-filter electron microscopy has recently yielded a 14 Å resolution map of rabbit...

Electron cryo-microscopy shows how strong binding of myosin to actin releases nucleotide (2003)

Holmes,Kenneth C., Angert,Isabel, Kull,F. John, Jahn,Werner, Schröder,Rasmus R.

Muscle contraction involves the cyclic interaction of the myosin cross-bridges with the actin filament, which is coupled to steps in the hydrolysis of ATP1. While bound to actin each cross-bridge...

Electron cryo-microscopy shows how strong binding of myosin to actin releases nucleotide (2003)

Holmes, Kenneth C., Angert, Isabel, Kull, F. John, Jahn, Werner, Schröder, Rasmus R.

Muscle contraction involves the cyclic interaction of the myosin cross-bridges with the actin filament, which is coupled to steps in the hydrolysis of ATP1. While bound to actin each cross-bridge...

Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) improves azimuthal alignment along the axis of helical objects and results in higher resolution for reconstruction using a single particle approach (2002)

Schröder,Rasmus R., Angert,Isabel, Frank,Joachim, Holmes,Kenneth C.

To obtain high structural resolution for reconstruction of helical objects by single particle methods a highly accurate alignment along the helical axis is necessary. In case of the...

Switch 1 opens on strong binding to actin (2002)

Holmes,Kenneth C., Kull,F. Jon, Schröder,Rasmus R.

The 50K domain of the myosin cross bridge is split into two subdomains (upper and lower) by the major cleft that connects the actin binding site with the nucleotide binding site. A number of lines of...

Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) improves azimuthal alignment along the axis of helical objects and results in higher resolution for reconstruction using a single particle approach (2002)

Schröder, Rasmus R., Angert, Isabel, Frank, Joachim, Holmes, Kenneth C.

To obtain high structural resolution for reconstruction of helical objects by single particle methods a highly accurate alignment along the helical axis is necessary. In case of the...

Switch 1 opens on strong binding to actin (2002)

Holmes, Kenneth C., Kull, F. Jon, Schröder, Rasmus R.

The 50K domain of the myosin cross bridge is split into two subdomains (upper and lower) by the major cleft that connects the actin binding site with the nucleotide binding site. A number of lines of...

Role of the salt-bridge between switch-1 and switch-2 of Dictyostelium myosin (1999)

Furch,Marcus, Fujita-Becker,Setsuko, Geeves,Michael A., Holmes,Kenneth C., Manstein,Dietmar J.

Motifs N2 and N3, also referred to as switch-1 and switch-2, form part of the active site of molecular motors such as myosins and kinesins. In the case of myosin, N3 is thought to act as a...

Structural Mechanism of Muscle Contraction (1999)

Geeves,Michael A., Holmes,Kenneth C.

X-ray crystallography shows the myosin cross-bridge to exist in two conformations, the beginning and end of the power stroke. A long lever-arm undergoes a 60 degrees to 70 degrees rotation between...

Measuring motions in muscles (1999)

Holmes, Kenneth C.

If one could attach a fluorescent tag to a macromolecule and then measure its orientation in a cellular environment, then one would have a powerful tool by which to study conformational changes under...

Role of the salt-bridge between switch-1 and switch-2 of Dictyostelium myosin (1999)

Furch, Marcus, Fujita-Becker, Setsuko, Geeves, Michael A., Holmes, Kenneth C., Manstein, Dietmar J.

Motifs N2 and N3, also referred to as switch-1 and switch-2, form part of the active site of molecular motors such as myosins and kinesins. In the case of myosin, N3 is thought to act as a...

Structural Mechanism of Muscle Contraction (1999)

Geeves, Michael A., Holmes, Kenneth C.

X-ray crystallography shows the myosin cross-bridge to exist in two conformations, the beginning and end of the power stroke. A long lever-arm undergoes a 60 degrees to 70 degrees rotation between...

Structural Biology (1999)

Holmes, Kenneth C.

Protein crystallography has become a major technique for understanding cellular processes. This has come about through great advances in the technology of data collection and interpretation,...

How X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation got started (1998)

Holmes,Kenneth C., Rosenbaum,Gerd

Synchrotron radiation has proved to be of inestimable importance for extending the scope of X-ray diffraction methodology for protein crystallography. The laser-like optics and tremendous brilliance...

A Molecular Model of Muscle Contraction (1998)

Holmes, Kenneth C.

The molecular mechanism of muscle contraction has been elucidated by a combination of electron microscopy, biochemistry and X-ray diffraction from fibres and crystals. Protein crystallography...

How X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation got started (1998)

Holmes, Kenneth C., Rosenbaum, Gerd

Synchrotron radiation has proved to be of inestimable importance for extending the scope of X-ray diffraction methodology for protein crystallography. The laser-like optics and tremendous brilliance...

Muscle proteins - their actions and interactions (1996)

Holmes, Kenneth C.

Muscle contracts by the myosin cross-bridges rowing the actin filaments past the myosin filaments. In the past year many structural details of this mechanism have become clear. Structural studies...

The actin fold (1995)

Kabsch,Wolfgang, Holmes,Kenneth C.

X-ray structure analysis of actin and of the NH2-terminal domain of the heat-shock cognate protein Hsc70 has revealed an unexpected extensive structural similarity between these two molecules....

Normal modes as refinement parameters for the f-actin model (1995)

Tirion,Monique, Ben-Avraham,Daniel, Lorenz,Michael, Holmes,Kenneth C.

The slow normal modes of G-actin were used as structural parameters to refine the F-actin model against 8-A resolution x-ray fiber diffraction data. The slowest frequency normal modes of G-actin...

The actin fold (1995)

Kabsch, Wolfgang, Holmes, Kenneth C.

X-ray structure analysis of actin and of the NH2-terminal domain of the heat-shock cognate protein Hsc70 has revealed an unexpected extensive structural similarity between these two molecules....

An atomic model of the unregulated thin filament obtained by x-ray diffraction on orientated actin-tropomyosin gels (1995)

Holmes, Kenneth C.

We present a model of the actin-tropomyosin complex in which the radial and azimuthal position of tropomyosin was adjusted to fit the X-ray fiber diffraction patterns from oriented actin-tropomysin...

Normal modes as refinement parameters for the f-actin model (1995)

Tirion, Monique, Ben-Avraham, Daniel, Lorenz, Michael, Holmes, Kenneth C.

The slow normal modes of G-actin were used as structural parameters to refine the F-actin model against 8-A resolution x-ray fiber diffraction data. The slowest frequency normal modes of G-actin...

Solving the structures of macromolecular complexes (1994)

Holmes, Kenneth C.

The reductionist program for biology foresees a progression of understanding that will span the gamut from molecules to organisms. Indeed, within a few years the sequencing of genomes will provide us...

Refinement of the F-Actin Model against X-Ray Fiber Diffraction data by the use of a directed mutation Algorithm (1993)

Lorenz,Michael, Popp,David, Holmes,Kenneth C.

The F-actin model has been refined by a Directed Mutation Algorithm, a reiterative procedure which combines a Monte-Carlo method of selecting subdomains to be refined at each cycle with a non-linear...

Structure of the Actomyosin Complex and its implications for Muscle Contraction (1993)

Rayment,I., Holden,H. M., Whittaker,M., Yohn,C. B., Lorenz,Michael, Holmes,Kenneth C., ...

Muscle contraction consists of a cyclical interaction between myosin and actin driven by the concomitant hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A model for the rigor complex of F actin and the...

The Interaction of the Dictyostelium myosin head with actin: a structural model of decorated actin (1993)

Schröder,Rasmus R., Manstein,Dietmar J., Jahn,Werner, Holden,H. M., Rayment,I., Holmes,Kenneth C., ...

Elucidation of the molecular contacts between actin and myosin is central to understanding the force-generating process in muscle and other cells. Actin, a highly conserved globular protein found in...

Refinement of the F-Actin Model against X-Ray Fiber Diffraction data by the use of a directed mutation Algorithm (1993)

Lorenz, Michael, Popp, David, Holmes, Kenneth C.

The F-actin model has been refined by a Directed Mutation Algorithm, a reiterative procedure which combines a Monte-Carlo method of selecting subdomains to be refined at each cycle with a non-linear...

Structure of the Actomyosin Complex and its implications for Muscle Contraction (1993)

Rayment, I., Holden, H. M., Whittaker, M., Yohn, C. B., Lorenz, Michael, Holmes, Kenneth C., ...

Muscle contraction consists of a cyclical interaction between myosin and actin driven by the concomitant hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A model for the rigor complex of F actin and the...

The Interaction of the Dictyostelium myosin head with actin: a structural model of decorated actin (1993)

Schröder, Rasmus R., Manstein, Dietmar J., Jahn, Werner, Holden, H. M., Rayment, I., Holmes, Kenneth C., ...

Elucidation of the molecular contacts between actin and myosin is central to understanding the force-generating process in muscle and other cells. Actin, a highly conserved globular protein found in...