Julian Downward

Functional genomic analysis of drug sensitivity pathways to guide adjuvant strategies in breast cancer (2008)

Swanton, Charles, Szallasi, Zoltan, Brenton, James D, Downward, Julian

Abstract The widespread introduction of high throughput RNA interference screening technology has revealed tumour drug sensitivity pathways to common cytotoxics such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin and...

The mitochondrial protese HtrA2 is regulated by Parkinson's disease-associated kinase PINK1 (2007)

Plun-Favreau, Helene, Klupsch, Kristina., Gandhi, Sonia, Kjaer, Svend, Frith, David, Harvey, Kirsten, ...

This is the authors' final draft of the version published as Nature Cell Biology, 2007, 9 (11), pp.1243-52. The final published version is available online at...

Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions of Protein Kinase B Define Its Activation In Vivo (2007)

Véronique Calleja, Damien Alcor, Michel Laguerre, Jongsun Park, Borivoj Vojnovic, Brian A. Hemmings, ...

Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a pivotal regulator of diverse metabolic, phenotypic, and antiapoptotic cellular controls and has been shown to be a key player in cancer progression. Here, using...

Minimizing the risk of reporting false positives in large-scale RNAi screens (2006)

Echeverri, Christophe J, Beachy, Philip A, Baum, Buzz, Boutros, Michael, Buchholz, Frank, Chanda, Sumit K, ...

Large-scale RNA interference (RNAi)-based analyses, very much as other 'omic' approaches, have inherent rates of false positives and negatives. The variability in the standards of care applied to...

p110δ, a novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase in leukocytes

Vanhaesebroeck, Bart, Welham, Melanie J., Kotani, Kei, Stein, Rob, Warne, Patricia H., Zvelebil, Markéta J., ...

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that have been implicated in signal transduction through tyrosine kinase- and heterotrimeric G-protein-linked receptors. We report...

The Small GTP-binding Protein R-Ras Can Influence Integrin Activation by Antagonizing a Ras/Raf-initiated Integrin Suppression Pathway

Sethi, Tariq, Ginsberg, Mark H., Downward, Julian, Hughes, Paul E.

The rapid modulation of ligand-binding affinity (“activation”) is a central property of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. The small GTP-binding protein Ras and its downstream...

Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Activation of Ras and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Epidermal Growth Factor

Wennström, Stefan, Downward, Julian

The paradigm for activation of Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by extracellular stimuli via tyrosine kinases, Shc, Grb2, and Sos does not...

Protein Kinase B Activation and Lamellipodium Formation Are Independent Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Mediated Events Differentially Regulated by Endogenous Ras

De Rooij, Johan, Marte, Barbara, Downward, Julian, Bos, Johannes L., Burgering, Boudewijn M. T.

Regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) can occur by binding of the regulatory p85 subunit to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and by binding of the p110 catalytic subunit to activated...

Identification of Novel Isoforms of the BH3 Domain Protein Bim Which Directly Activate Bax To Trigger Apoptosis

Marani, Michela, Tenev, Tencho, Hancock, David, Downward, Julian, Lemoine, Nicholas R.

Bim (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death) is a member of the BH3 domain-only subgroup of Bcl-2 family members, for which three splice variants have been described. Bim is expressed in many...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Mediated Translational Control of IAPs Blocks Mitochondrial Release of Smac/DIABLO and Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Pardo, Olivier E., Lesay, Adeline, Arcaro, Alexandre, Lopes, Rita, Ng, Bee Ling, Warne, Patricia H., ...

The mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO has been implicated in the activation of apoptosis in response to cell stress. Smac promotes cytochrome c-induced activation of caspases by...

Raf induces TGFβ production while blocking its apoptotic but not invasive responses: a mechanism leading to increased malignancy in epithelial cells

Lehmann, Kerstin, Janda, Elzbieta, Pierreux, Christophe E., Rytömaa, Marjatta, Schulze, Almut, McMahon, Martin, ...

c-Raf-1 is a major effector of Ras proteins, responsible for activation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway and a critical regulator of both normal growth and oncogenic transformation. Using an inducible...

The Transcriptional Response to Raf Activation Is Almost Completely Dependent on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Activity and Shows a Major Autocrine ComponentD⃞

Schulze, Almut, Nicke, Barbara, Warne, Patricia H., Tomlinson, Simon, Downward, Julian

The Raf protein kinases are major effectors of Ras GTPases and key components of the transcriptional response to serum factors, acting at least in part through the extracellular signal-regulated...

Neuroprotective Role of the Reaper-Related Serine Protease HtrA2/Omi Revealed by Targeted Deletion in Mice

Martins, L. Miguel, Morrison, Alastair, Klupsch, Kristina, Fedele, Valentina, Moisoi, Nicoleta, Teismann, Peter, ...

The serine protease HtrA2/Omi is released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space following apoptotic stimuli. Once in the cytosol, HtrA2/Omi has been implicated in promoting cell death by binding...

Monitoring conformational changes of proteins in cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

Calleja, Véronique, Ameer-Beg, Simon M, Vojnovic, Borivoj, Woscholski, Rudiger, Downward, Julian, Larijani, Banafshé

To be able to detect in situ changes in protein conformation without perturbing the physiological environment would be a major step forward in understanding the precise mechanism occurring in protein...

Role of receptor tyrosine kinases in G-protein-coupled receptor regulation of Ras: transactivation or parallel pathways?

Downward, Julian

Ras protein regulation by G-protein-coupled receptors has been thought to occur through transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases. New evidence suggests that these two receptor types independently...

Analysis of the transcriptional program induced by Raf in epithelial cells

Schulze, Almut, Lehmann, Kerstin, Jefferies, Harold B.J., McMahon, Martin, Downward, Julian

Activation of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway is a critical event in tumorigenesis induced by RAS and other oncogenes, a major role of this signaling system being the regulation of cellular transcription...

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase C2β Regulates Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration via Rac-dependent Mechanisms

Katso, Roy M., Pardo, Olivier E., Palamidessi, Andrea, Franz, Clemens M., Marinov, Marin, De Laurentiis, Angela, ...

Receptor-linked class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) induce assembly of signal transduction complexes through protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions that mediate cell proliferation,...

p110δ, a novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase in leukocytes

Vanhaesebroeck, Bart, Welham, Melanie J., Kotani, Kei, Stein, Rob, Warne, Patricia H., Zvelebil, Markéta J., ...

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that have been implicated in signal transduction through tyrosine kinase- and heterotrimeric G-protein-linked receptors. We report...

The Small GTP-binding Protein R-Ras Can Influence Integrin Activation by Antagonizing a Ras/Raf-initiated Integrin Suppression Pathway

Sethi, Tariq, Ginsberg, Mark H., Downward, Julian, Hughes, Paul E.

The rapid modulation of ligand-binding affinity (“activation”) is a central property of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. The small GTP-binding protein Ras and its downstream...

Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Activation of Ras and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Epidermal Growth Factor

Wennström, Stefan, Downward, Julian

The paradigm for activation of Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by extracellular stimuli via tyrosine kinases, Shc, Grb2, and Sos does not...

Protein Kinase B Activation and Lamellipodium Formation Are Independent Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Mediated Events Differentially Regulated by Endogenous Ras

De Rooij, Johan, Marte, Barbara, Downward, Julian, Bos, Johannes L., Burgering, Boudewijn M. T.

Regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) can occur by binding of the regulatory p85 subunit to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and by binding of the p110 catalytic subunit to activated...

Identification of Novel Isoforms of the BH3 Domain Protein Bim Which Directly Activate Bax To Trigger Apoptosis

Marani, Michela, Tenev, Tencho, Hancock, David, Downward, Julian, Lemoine, Nicholas R.

Bim (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death) is a member of the BH3 domain-only subgroup of Bcl-2 family members, for which three splice variants have been described. Bim is expressed in many...

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Mediated Translational Control of IAPs Blocks Mitochondrial Release of Smac/DIABLO and Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Pardo, Olivier E., Lesay, Adeline, Arcaro, Alexandre, Lopes, Rita, Ng, Bee Ling, Warne, Patricia H., ...

The mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO has been implicated in the activation of apoptosis in response to cell stress. Smac promotes cytochrome c-induced activation of caspases by...

Analysis of the transcriptional program induced by Raf in epithelial cells

Schulze, Almut, Lehmann, Kerstin, Jefferies, Harold B.J., McMahon, Martin, Downward, Julian

Activation of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway is a critical event in tumorigenesis induced by RAS and other oncogenes, a major role of this signaling system being the regulation of cellular transcription...

Raf induces TGFβ production while blocking its apoptotic but not invasive responses: a mechanism leading to increased malignancy in epithelial cells

Lehmann, Kerstin, Janda, Elzbieta, Pierreux, Christophe E., Rytömaa, Marjatta, Schulze, Almut, McMahon, Martin, ...

c-Raf-1 is a major effector of Ras proteins, responsible for activation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway and a critical regulator of both normal growth and oncogenic transformation. Using an inducible...

The Transcriptional Response to Raf Activation Is Almost Completely Dependent on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Activity and Shows a Major Autocrine ComponentD⃞

Schulze, Almut, Nicke, Barbara, Warne, Patricia H., Tomlinson, Simon, Downward, Julian

The Raf protein kinases are major effectors of Ras GTPases and key components of the transcriptional response to serum factors, acting at least in part through the extracellular signal-regulated...

Neuroprotective Role of the Reaper-Related Serine Protease HtrA2/Omi Revealed by Targeted Deletion in Mice

Martins, L. Miguel, Morrison, Alastair, Klupsch, Kristina, Fedele, Valentina, Moisoi, Nicoleta, Teismann, Peter, ...

The serine protease HtrA2/Omi is released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space following apoptotic stimuli. Once in the cytosol, HtrA2/Omi has been implicated in promoting cell death by binding...

Monitoring conformational changes of proteins in cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

Calleja, Véronique, Ameer-Beg, Simon M, Vojnovic, Borivoj, Woscholski, Rudiger, Downward, Julian, Larijani, Banafshé

To be able to detect in situ changes in protein conformation without perturbing the physiological environment would be a major step forward in understanding the precise mechanism occurring in protein...

Role of receptor tyrosine kinases in G-protein-coupled receptor regulation of Ras: transactivation or parallel pathways?

Downward, Julian

Ras protein regulation by G-protein-coupled receptors has been thought to occur through transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases. New evidence suggests that these two receptor types independently...

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase C2β Regulates Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration via Rac-dependent Mechanisms

Katso, Roy M., Pardo, Olivier E., Palamidessi, Andrea, Franz, Clemens M., Marinov, Marin, De Laurentiis, Angela, ...

Receptor-linked class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) induce assembly of signal transduction complexes through protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions that mediate cell proliferation,...

Suppression of Egr-1 transcription through targeting of the serum response factor by oncogenic H-Ras

Shin, Soon Young, Bahk, Young Yil, Ko, Jesang, Chung, Il-Yup, Lee, Young Seek, Downward, Julian, ...

The transcription factor Egr-1 functions as a key regulator in cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The loss of Egr-1 expression is closely associated with tumor development, although the...

Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions of Protein Kinase B Define Its Activation In Vivo

Calleja, Véronique, Alcor, Damien, Laguerre, Michel, Park, Jongsun, Vojnovic, Borivoj, Hemmings, Brian A, ...

Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a pivotal regulator of diverse metabolic, phenotypic, and antiapoptotic cellular controls and has been shown to be a key player in cancer progression. Here, using...

FGF-2 protects small cell lung cancer cells from apoptosis through a complex involving PKCɛ, B-Raf and S6K2

Pardo, Olivier E, Wellbrock, Claudia, Khanzada, Umme K, Aubert, Muriel, Arozarena, Imanol, Davidson, Sally, ...

Patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) die because of chemoresistance. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) increases the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, XIAP and Bcl-XL, and triggers...

Induction of Mxi1-SRα by FOXO3a Contributes to Repression of Myc-Dependent Gene Expression▿ †

Delpuech, Oona, Griffiths, Beatrice, East, Philip, Essafi, Abdelkader, Lam, Eric W.-F., Burgering, Boudewijn, ...

Forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FOXOs) are important targets of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/Akt pathway. FOXOs have been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle...

The Extracellular Matrix Protein TGFBI Induces Microtubule Stabilization and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancers to Paclitaxel

Ahmed, Ahmed Ashour, Mills, Anthony D., Ibrahim, Ashraf E.K., Temple, Jillian, Blenkiron, Cherie, Vias, Maria, ...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) can induce chemotherapy resistance via AKT-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we show that loss of the ECM protein TGFBI (transforming growth factor beta induced)...

Vav3 Modulates B Cell Receptor Responses by Regulating Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activation

Inabe, Kazunori, Ishiai, Masamichi, Scharenberg, Andrew M., Freshney, Norman, Downward, Julian, Kurosaki, Tomohiro

To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which Vav3, a new member of the Vav family proteins, participates in B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, we have generated a B cell line deficient in Vav3. Here...

Vav1 Transduces T Cell Receptor Signals to the Activation of Phospholipase C-γ1 via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent and -independent Pathways

Reynolds, Lucinda F., Smyth, Lesley A., Norton, Trisha, Freshney, Norman, Downward, Julian, Kioussis, Dimitris, ...

Vav1 is a signal transducing protein required for T cell receptor (TCR) signals that drive positive and negative selection in the thymus. Furthermore, Vav1-deficient thymocytes show greatly reduced...

Lack of Correlation between Activation of Jun–NH2-terminal Kinase and Induction of Apoptosis after Detachment of Epithelial Cells

Khwaja, Asim, Downward, Julian

Detachment of epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix leads to induction of programmed cell death, a process that has been termed “anoikis.” It has been reported recently that detachment...

Activated R-Ras, Rac1, Pi 3-Kinase and Pkcε Can Each Restore Cell Spreading Inhibited by Isolated Integrin β1 Cytoplasmic Domains

Berrier, Allison L., Mastrangelo, Anthony M., Downward, Julian, Ginsberg, Mark, LaFlamme, Susan E.

Attachment of many cell types to extracellular matrix proteins triggers cell spreading, a process that strengthens cell adhesion and is a prerequisite for many adhesion-dependent processes including...

Ras and TGFβ cooperatively regulate epithelial cell plasticity and metastasis: dissection of Ras signaling pathways

Janda, Elzbieta, Lehmann, Kerstin, Killisch, Iris, Jechlinger, Martin, Herzig, Michaela, Downward, Julian, ...

Multistep carcinogenesis involves more than six discrete events also important in normal development and cell behavior. Of these, local invasion and metastasis cause most cancer deaths but are the...

PINK1 Is Necessary for Long Term Survival and Mitochondrial Function in Human Dopaminergic Neurons

Wood-Kaczmar, Alison, Gandhi, Sonia, Yao, Zhi, Abramov, Andrey S. Y., Miljan, Erik A., Keen, Gregory, ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease and it is critical to develop models which recapitulate the pathogenic process including the effect of the ageing process....