John G. Julias

Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphate Pool Imbalances In Vivo Are Associated with an Increased Retroviral Mutation Rate

Julias, John G., Pathak, Vinay K.

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool imbalances are associated with an increase in the rate of misincorporation and hypermutation during in vitro reverse transcription reactions. However, the...

Replication of Phenotypically Mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions Containing Catalytically Active and Catalytically Inactive Reverse Transcriptase

Julias, John G., Ferris, Andrea L., Boyer, Paul L., Hughes, Stephen H.

The amount of excess polymerase and RNase H activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions was measured by using vectors that undergo a single round of replication. Vectors containing...

Mutations in the RNase H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase affect the initiation of DNA synthesis and the specificity of RNase H cleavage in vivo

Julias, John G., McWilliams, Mary Jane, Sarafianos, Stefan G., Arnold, Edward, Hughes, Stephen H.

Retroviral reverse transcriptases contain a DNA polymerase activity that can copy an RNA or DNA template and an RNase H activity that degrades the viral RNA genome during reverse transcription. RNase...

Regulation of Nuclear Gamma Interferon Gene Expression by Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-2 Represents a Novel Form of Posttranscriptional Control

Hodge, Deborah L., Martinez, Alfredo, Julias, John G., Taylor, Lynn S., Young, Howard A.

Posttranscriptional control of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) gene expression has not been extensively studied and is poorly understood. Our work describes a posttranscriptional mechanism that modulates...

Construction and Characterization of a Replication-Competent Retroviral Shuttle Vector Plasmid

Oh, Jangsuk, Julias, John G., Ferris, Andrea L., Hughes, Stephen H.

We constructed two versions of an RCASBP-based retroviral shuttle vector, RSVP (RCASBP shuttle vector plasmid), containing either the zeocin or blasticidin resistance gene. In this vector, the drug...

Mutation of Amino Acids in the Connection Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase That Contact the Template-Primer Affects RNase H Activity

Julias, John G., McWilliams, Mary Jane, Sarafianos, Stefan G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Arnold, Edward, Hughes, Stephen H.

The crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase in a complex with an RNA-DNA template-primer identified amino acids in the connection domain that make...

Mutations in the 5′ End of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract Affect RNase H Cleavage Specificity and Virus Titer

McWilliams, Mary Jane, Julias, John G., Sarafianos, Stefan G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Arnold, Edward, Hughes, Stephen H.

The RNase H activity of retroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs) degrades viral genomic RNA after it has been copied into DNA, removes the tRNA used to initiate negative-strand DNA synthesis, and...

Effects of Mutations in the G Tract of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract on Virus Replication and RNase H Cleavage

Julias, John G., McWilliams, Mary Jane, Sarafianos, Stefan G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Arnold, Eddy, Hughes, Stephen H.

The RNase H cleavages that generate and remove the polypurine tract (PPT) primer during retroviral reverse transcription must be specific in order to create a linear viral DNA that is suitable for...

Alternate Polypurine Tracts (PPTs) Affect the Rous Sarcoma Virus RNase H Cleavage Specificity and Reveal a Preferential Cleavage following a GA Dinucleotide Sequence at the PPT-U3 Junction

Chang, Kevin W., Julias, John G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Oh, Jangsuk, Hughes, Stephen H.

Retroviral polypurine tracts (PPTs) serve as primers for plus-strand DNA synthesis during reverse transcription. The generation and removal of the PPT primer requires specific cleavages by the RNase...

The Level of Reverse Transcriptase (RT) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles Affects Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors but Not to Lamivudine

Ambrose, Zandrea, Julias, John G., Boyer, Paul L., KewalRamani, Vineet N., Hughes, Stephen H.

We investigated the relationship between the level of reverse transcriptase (RT) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles and susceptibility to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase...

Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphate Pool Imbalances In Vivo Are Associated with an Increased Retroviral Mutation Rate

Julias, John G., Pathak, Vinay K.

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool imbalances are associated with an increase in the rate of misincorporation and hypermutation during in vitro reverse transcription reactions. However, the...

Replication of Phenotypically Mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions Containing Catalytically Active and Catalytically Inactive Reverse Transcriptase

Julias, John G., Ferris, Andrea L., Boyer, Paul L., Hughes, Stephen H.

The amount of excess polymerase and RNase H activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions was measured by using vectors that undergo a single round of replication. Vectors containing...

Mutations in the RNase H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase affect the initiation of DNA synthesis and the specificity of RNase H cleavage in vivo

Julias, John G., McWilliams, Mary Jane, Sarafianos, Stefan G., Arnold, Edward, Hughes, Stephen H.

Retroviral reverse transcriptases contain a DNA polymerase activity that can copy an RNA or DNA template and an RNase H activity that degrades the viral RNA genome during reverse transcription. RNase...

Regulation of Nuclear Gamma Interferon Gene Expression by Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-2 Represents a Novel Form of Posttranscriptional Control

Hodge, Deborah L., Martinez, Alfredo, Julias, John G., Taylor, Lynn S., Young, Howard A.

Posttranscriptional control of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) gene expression has not been extensively studied and is poorly understood. Our work describes a posttranscriptional mechanism that modulates...

Construction and Characterization of a Replication-Competent Retroviral Shuttle Vector Plasmid

Oh, Jangsuk, Julias, John G., Ferris, Andrea L., Hughes, Stephen H.

We constructed two versions of an RCASBP-based retroviral shuttle vector, RSVP (RCASBP shuttle vector plasmid), containing either the zeocin or blasticidin resistance gene. In this vector, the drug...

Mutation of Amino Acids in the Connection Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase That Contact the Template-Primer Affects RNase H Activity

Julias, John G., McWilliams, Mary Jane, Sarafianos, Stefan G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Arnold, Edward, Hughes, Stephen H.

The crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase in a complex with an RNA-DNA template-primer identified amino acids in the connection domain that make...

Mutations in the 5′ End of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract Affect RNase H Cleavage Specificity and Virus Titer

McWilliams, Mary Jane, Julias, John G., Sarafianos, Stefan G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Arnold, Edward, Hughes, Stephen H.

The RNase H activity of retroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs) degrades viral genomic RNA after it has been copied into DNA, removes the tRNA used to initiate negative-strand DNA synthesis, and...

Effects of Mutations in the G Tract of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Polypurine Tract on Virus Replication and RNase H Cleavage

Julias, John G., McWilliams, Mary Jane, Sarafianos, Stefan G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Arnold, Eddy, Hughes, Stephen H.

The RNase H cleavages that generate and remove the polypurine tract (PPT) primer during retroviral reverse transcription must be specific in order to create a linear viral DNA that is suitable for...

Alternate Polypurine Tracts (PPTs) Affect the Rous Sarcoma Virus RNase H Cleavage Specificity and Reveal a Preferential Cleavage following a GA Dinucleotide Sequence at the PPT-U3 Junction

Chang, Kevin W., Julias, John G., Alvord, W. Gregory, Oh, Jangsuk, Hughes, Stephen H.

Retroviral polypurine tracts (PPTs) serve as primers for plus-strand DNA synthesis during reverse transcription. The generation and removal of the PPT primer requires specific cleavages by the RNase...

The Level of Reverse Transcriptase (RT) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles Affects Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors but Not to Lamivudine

Ambrose, Zandrea, Julias, John G., Boyer, Paul L., KewalRamani, Vineet N., Hughes, Stephen H.

We investigated the relationship between the level of reverse transcriptase (RT) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles and susceptibility to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase...

Mutations in the U5 Region Adjacent to the Primer Binding Site Affect tRNA Cleavage by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase In Vivo▿

Oh, Jangsuk, McWilliams, Mary Jane, Julias, John G., Hughes, Stephen H.

In retroviruses, the first nucleotide added to the tRNA primer defines the end of the U5 region in the right long terminal repeat, and the subsequent removal of this tRNA primer by RNase H exactly...