The Influence of TiO2 Particle Size in TiO2/CuInS2 Nanocomposite Solar Cells (2006)
O'Hayre, R, Nanu, M, Schoonman, J, Goossens, A, Wang, Q, Graetzel, M
Characterization of proton exchanged Li4Ti5O12 spinel material (2006)
Simon, DR, Kelder, EM, Wagemaker, M, Mulder, FM, Schoonman, J
The application of inverse titania opals in nanostructured solar cells (2005)
Huisman, C.L., Schoonman, J., Goossens, A.
The synthesis and characterization of nanostructured heterojunction solar cells based on inverse opal TiO2 films is discussed. Photonic films with thicknesses of 0.9 and 3.7 mm are deposited using...
Proton positions in spinel [H0.68Li0.32]4Ti5O12, an ion-exchanged spinel Li4Ti5O12 (2004)
Wagemaker, M, Simon, D R, Kelder, E M, Schoonman, J, Mulder, F M
Extensive migration of Ni and Mn in lithiated LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 spinels (2004)
Wagemaker, M, Ooms, F G B, Kelder, E M, Schoonman, J, Mulder, F M
Synthesis and characterisation of La1-xSrxCoO3 with large surface area (2004)
Berger, D., Fruth, V., Jitaru, I., Schoonman, J.
The paper presents a simple technique for synthesis of La1-xSrxCoO3 (v=0-0.3) nanopowders by calcining maleate-based precursors. The complex precursors were characterised by chemical analysis,...
Stable low-pressure hydrogen clusters stored in a binary clathrate hydrate (2004)
Florusse, L.J., Peters, C.J., Schoonman, J., Hester, K.C., Koh, C.A., Dec, S.F., ...
Thermodynamic, x-ray diffraction, and Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements show that clusters of H-2 can be stabilized and stored at low pressures in a sll binary clathrate...
Huisman, C.L., Huijser, A., Donker, H., Schoonman, J., Goossens, A.
Thin films of 2,2'-bithiophene (2T) and 2,2'-5',2"-terthiophene (3T) are polymerized by UV irradiation. The polymerization process can be observed by UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. If 2T...
Leeuwenburgh, S.C.G., Wolke, J.G.C., Schoonman, J., Jansen, J.A.
A novel coating technique, referred to as Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD), was used to deposit calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings with a variety of chemical properties. The relationship between...
CuInS2 Thin Films Deposited by ALD (2004)
Nanu, M., Reijnen, L., Meester, B., Schoonman, J., Goossens, A.
At present, chalcopyrites are widely studied as absorber materials for efficient, low-cost, thin film solar cells. The growth of CuInS2 thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is studied here....
Nanu, M., Schoonman, J., Goossens, A.
A new approach to the '3D solar-cell concept' is reported. Atomic layer chemical vapor deposition is employed to infiltrate CuInS2 into the pores of nanostructured TiO2. In this way it is possible to...
Raman and PL study of defect-ordering in CuInS2 thin films (2004)
Nanu, M., Schoonman, J., Goossens, A., Brabec, C., Jager, W.A., Poortmans, J., ...
The efficiency of CuInS2 (CIS) solar cells is determined by the presence of native (extrinsic) lattice defects. These defects introduce energy levels in the band gap, which determine the conductivity...
Mechanochemically activated nano-aluminium: Oxidation behaviour (2004)
Pivkina, A., Streletskii, A., Kolbanev, I., Ul'Yanova, P., Frolov, Y., Butyagin, P., ...
Nanocrystalline aluminium powder has been prepared by high-energy ball milling of flaked micron-sized aluminium powder in the presence of 10 wt% of graphite under argon atmosphere. The structure and...
Nanomaterials for heterogeneous combustion (2004)
Pivkina, A., Ulyanova, P., Frolov, Y., Zavyalov, S., Schoonman, J.
Nanophase materials and nanocomposites, characterized by an ultra fine grain size (less than 100 nm) have attracted wide spread interest in recent years by virtue of their unusual mechanical,...
Reijnen, L., Feddes, B., Vredenberg, A.M., Schoonman, J., Goossens, A.
A new approach to solar cell design is the use of nanostructured heterojunctions of inorganic materials such as n-type TiO2 and p-type Cu1.8S. A major challenge is the deposition of the p-type...
Enhanced photoluminescence at poly(3-octyl-thiophene)/TiO2 interfaces (2004)
The photoluminescence (PL) of poly(3-octyl-thiophene) (P3OT) thin films applied on TiO2 substrates is compared to the PL of P3OT films applied on quartz. Quenching of excitons occurs at the P3OT/TiO2...
Electrochemical performance of Al2O3-coated Fe doped LiCoVO4 (2004)
Van Landschoot, N., Kelder, E.M., Kooyman, P.J., Kwakernaak, C., Schoonman, J.
Al2O3-coated LiCo0.94Fe0.06VO4 powders with improved electrochem. cycleability have been synthesized. The morphol. and structure of the coating have been characterized with SEM, HR-TEM and XPS. It...
Extensive migration of Ni and Mn by lithiation of ordered LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 spinel (2004)
Wagemaker, M., Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Kearley, G.J., Mulder, F.M.
LiXMg0-1,Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 spinel (P4(3)32) was chemically and electrochemically lithiated in the range 1 < x less than or equal to 2.25 and subjected to detailed X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis to...
Wagemaker, M., Simon, D.R., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Mulder, F.M.
Spinel Li1[Li0.33Ti1.67]O4 is a candidate anode material for Li-ion batteries. The structural changes in spinel Li1[Li0.33Ti1.67]O4 upon the exchange of Li-ions with protons, leading to...
Issues affecting the use of ionic liquids in lithium-ion batteries (2003)
Best, A.S., Landheer, H., Ooms, F.G.B., Howlett, P.C., MacFarlane, D.R., Schoonman, J.
Huisman, C.L., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J., Kafafi, Z.H.
Using an aerosol technique, in which ultrasonically formed droplets of titanium tetraisopropoxide are pyrolysed, thin films of nanosized particles of anatase TiO2 can be deposited. The size of the...
Aerosol synthesis of anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles for hybrid solar cells (2003)
Huisman, C.L., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J.
Using an aerosol technique, in which ultrasonically formed droplets of titanium isopropoxide are pyrolyzed, thin films of nanosized anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are deposited. The size...
Huisman, C.L., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J., Schmeisser, D., Riess, W.
Using an aerosol technique, in which ultrasonically formed droplets of titanium tetraisopropoxide are pyrolysed, thin films of nanosized particles of anatase TiO2 can be deposited. The size of the...
Formation of SiC nanoparticles by laser-assisted CVD (2003)
Kamlag, Y., Goossens, A., Colbeck, I., Schoonman, J.
Full Paper. Nanocrystals of cubic (SiC) are formed by laser-assisted gas-phase CVD synthesis using silane and acetylene as precursors. The nanocrystals (see Figure) are prepared by applying a...
Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) of calcium phosphate coatings (2003)
Leeuwenburgh, S., Wolke, J., Schoonman, J., Jansen, J.
Using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), thin calcium phosphate layers were deposited onto commercially pure cp-Ti substrates. ESD is a thin-film technique that enables the deposition of inorganic...
CuInS2-TiO2 heterojunctions solar cells obtained by atomic layer deposition (2003)
Nanu, M., Reijnen, L., Meester, B., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J., Rau, U., ...
Chalcopyrites are being studied widely as a promising absorber material for high-efficiency, low-cost, thin-film solar cells. The present paper deals with the growth of CuInS2thin films by atomic...
Nomura, M., Meester, B., Schoonman, J., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A.
A porous titania film with uniform pores of micrometer size was obtained on a dense stainless steel substrate by the electrostatic sol-spray deposition (ESSD) method. A porous film without cracks was...
Nomura, M., Meester, B., Schoonman, J., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A., Guoxing, X.
A porous titania film with pores of few micrometer sizes was prepared on a stainless steel support for a composite material of metal and inorganic oxide. The combination of a porous catalyst layer...
Atomic Layer Deposition of CuxS for Solar Energy Conversion (2003)
Reijnen, L., Meester, B., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J.
Thin films of photoactive Cu1.8S have been deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using Cu(thd)2 and H2S as the precursors. This is a first step in the construction of nanoporous heterojunctions...
Inverse spinel materials, a new class of high voltage cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (2003)
Schoonman, J., Kelder, E.M., Van Landschoot, N.
The influence of Cr on the structure and electrochem. properties of LiCoVO4 was studied using x-ray diffraction, SEM, Raman Spectroscopy and cycle tests. Doping levels up to 10 mol% were achieved,...
Nanostructured materials are distinguished from conventional polycrystalline materials by the size of the structural units that compose them, and they often exhibit properties that are drastically...
Fabrication of La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3 thin films by electrostatic spray deposition (2003)
Taniguchi, I., Van Landschoot, R.C., Schoonman, J.
The deposition of La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3 (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.4 and 0 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 1) thin films on a stainless steel or gadolinium-doped...
Synthesis and characterization of LiCo1-xFexVO4 prepared by a citric acid complex method (2003)
Van Landschoot, N., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
For the first time, a method involving a citric acid complex has been used to prepare Fe-doped LiCoVO4. LiCoVO4 has the inverse spinel structure and posses a high voltage of 4.3 V vs. metallic Li. A...
A novel synthesis method of pure and doped lanthanum ferrites (2002)
Berger, D., Jitaru, I., Matei, C., Schoonman, J.
The synthesis of fine particles of LaFe1-xNixO3-delta (x = 0-0.2) via thermal decomposition of heteropolynuclear complex precursors is described. The isolated precursors were characterized by AAS,...
Cold isostatic and explosive isodynamic compaction of Y-TZP nanoparticles (2002)
Djurado, E., Boulc'h, F., Pivkina, A., Frolov, Y., Van Landschoot, N., Schoonman, J.
Huisman, C.L., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J.
Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells have been constructed from titanium dioxide and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Only modest photocurrents are observed originating from excitation of the ZnPc. The...
Conduction mechanism in operating a LiMn2O4 cathode (2002)
Marzec, J., Swierczek, K., Przewoznik, J., Molenda, J., Simon, D.R., Kelder, E.M., ...
Two series of the LixMn2O4 spinel samples were studied at low temperatures (200-300 K) on electrical, thermal (DSC) and structural (X-ray diffraction (XRD)) properties for different lithium contents....
High-voltage LiMgNi0.5-Mn1.5O4 spinels for Li-ion batteries (2002)
Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Wagemaker, M., Mulder, F.M., Badwal, S.P.S.
New high-voltage cathode materials for lithium and Li-ion batteries, with the general formula LiMgNi0.5-Mn1.5O4 (=0.00, 0.05 and 0.10), have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure...
Structure determination of high-voltage LiMgdNi0.5-dMn1.5O4 spinels for Li-ion batteries (2002)
Ooms, F.G.B., Wagemaker, M., Van Well, A.A., Mulder, F.M., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
A series of cathode materials has been synthesized with the general formula LiMgdNi0.5-dMn1.5O4 (d = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10). These are promising cathode materials for lithium and lithium-ion batteries...
Supported mixed-gas fuel cells (2002)
Raz, S., Jak, M.J.G., Schoonman, J., Riess, I.
It is possible to operate a fuel cell on a single mixture of fuel together with oxygen with the same mixture applied to both electrodes. The symmetry in these so-called mixed-gas fuel cells (MGFCs)...
Nanoporous TiO2/Cu1.8S heterojunctions for solar energy conversion (2002)
Reijnen, L., Meester, B., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J.
Thin films of p-type Cu1.8S have been deposited onto smooth and nanoporous n-type TiO2 with Atomic Layer Chemical Vapor Deposition (AL-CVD). As precursors, Cu(thd)(2) and H2S have been used and...
The deposition of perovskite-type oxides thin films [La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3 (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.4 and 0 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 1)]...
Formation and characterization of metal-polymer nanostructured composites (2002)
Zavyalov, S.A., Pivkina, A.N., Schoonman, J., De Leeuw, S.W.
Nanostructured metal (Pd, Sn, Cu)-polymer (poly-para-xylylene) and metal-oxide-polymer composites reveal synergism of properties of the initial components, which gives rise to specific electrical,...
Complex precursors for doped lanthanum chromite synthesis (2001)
Berger, D., Jitaru, I., Stanica, N., Perego, R., Schoonman, J.
Doped lanthanum chromites are investigated as ceramic interconnect materials to be used in high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This paper deals with the preparation of LaCr1-xMxO3 (M =...
Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Decomposition of Ti(N(CH3)2)4 (2001)
The decomposition of Ti(N(CH3)2)4 (TDMAT) has been studied in N2 and H2 environments and surface temperatures between 473 and 623 K by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pressure in...
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Simon, D.R., Schoonman, J.
The Electrochem. Impedance Spectra of a Li/Li4Ti5O12 cell as a function of the state of charge has been analyzed and the processes of Li intercalation into Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite electrode have...
Graphite-metal oxide composites as anode for Li-ion batteries (2001)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Scrosati, B.
To improve the rate capability and cyclability of carbon anode for Li-ion batteries, graphite was modified by forming a graphite-metal oxide (G-MO) composite. Structure analyses and electrochemical...
Lithium intercalation characteristics of B-C-N and C-B-Si-N carbon alloys (2001)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
The possibility of the application of B-C-N and C-B-Si-N carbon alloys as anode materials for Li-ion batteries is discussed. The structure, composition, and the electrochemical behavior of these...
Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of lithium titanium oxide spinel Li4Ti5O12 (2001)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Simon, D.R., Schoonman, J.
The spinel structured Li4Ti5O12 material was prepd. by a solid-state reaction in air from the TiO2 and various Li salts. The lattice parameters of the Li4Ti5O12 samples prepd. from anatase and rutile...
Huisman, C.L., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J.
Solar cells composed of thin layers of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) show a large decay of the photocurrent in ambient atmosphere. This decay is caused by the combined...
Composite cell components for elevated temperature all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (2001)
Jak, M.J.G., Pontfoort, M.S., Van Landschoot, N., Best, A.S., Kelder, E.M., MacFarlane, D.R., ...
Application of Li-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes at elevated temperatures (above 60 degreesC) is limited due to the decomposition of the electrolyte. Stable solid state electrolytes can solve...
Jak, M.J.G., Raz, S., Van Rij, L.N., Schoonman, J., Riess, I.
In electrochemical cells based on Nafion, exposed to a humid atmosphere that contains oxygen, hydrogen or a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, the open circuit voltage, Voc, depends linearly on the...
Formation of cubic SiC nanocrystals by laser-assisted CVD (2001)
Kamlag, Y., Goossens, A., Colbeck, I., Schoonman, J., Davazoglou, D., Vahlas, C.
Nanocrystals of cubic silicon carbide (SiC) are formed using laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition. A CO2 laser beam is mechanically chopped to obtain pulsed infra-red excitation. Silane (SiH4)...
Laser CVD of cubic SiC nanocrystals (2001)
Kamlag, Y., Goossens, A., Colbeck, I., Schoonman, J., Calcagno, L., Hallen, A., ...
Nanocrystals of cubic silicon carbide (SiC) are formed using laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition. A CO2 laser beam is mechanically chopped to obtain pulsed infrared excitation. Silane (SiH4) and...
Capacity, stability, and rate capability of Li1+dMn2-dO4 measured by chemical delithiation (2001)
Kelder, E.M., Ooms, F.G.B., Simon, D.R., Perego, R., Schoonman, J.
In order to stabilize LiMn2O4 for improved electrochem. performance, extra lithium was added during synthesis, giving Li[LidMn2-d]O4 (0
Li1+Mn2-O4 performance measured by leaching. (2001)
Kelder, E.M., Ooms, F.J.B., Perego, R., Schoonman, J., Scrosati, B.
Li-Mn-O spinel materials for Li-ion batteries were characterised by redox titration, controlled chemical de-lithiation and pH measurements in order to derive the capacity, rate performance and...
The preparation of NiCo2O4 films by electrostatic spray deposition (2001)
Lapham, D.P., Colbeck, I., Schoonman, J., Kamlag, Y.
The spinel NiCo2O4 has, for many years, been used as an electrocatalyst in electrochemical systems. It also possesses high electrical conductivity and low thermal stability for a compound of this...
Osteoplastic resorption of biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings in vitro (2001)
Leeuwenburgh, S., Layrolle, P., Barrere, F., De Bruijn, J., Schoonman, J., Van Blitterswijk, C.A., ...
A new biomimetic method for coating metal implants enables the fast formation of dense and homogeneous calcium phosphate coatings. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) disks were coated with a thin, carbonated,...
Meester, B., Reijnen, L., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J., Davazoglou, D., Vahlas, C.
Thin films of copper sulfide (CuxS) have been prepared on fluor-doped tin dioxide (SnO2:F) coated glass and on uncoated glass by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and low-pressure chemical vapor...
Low pressure chemical vapor deposition of CuxS (2001)
Meester, B., Reijnen, L., De Lange, F., Goossens, A., Schoonman, J.
CuxS thin films have been prepared on glass substrates by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) in a hot wall reactor from copper(II) bis-tetramethylheptanedionate (Cu(thd)(2)) hydrogen...
Flat potential Li-ion batteries with spinel electrodes: LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 vs. LiCrTiO4 (2001)
Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Cycling and pulse-testing data are shown for a lithium-ion battery with a LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 high-voltage cathode and a LiCrTiO4 anode. This type of lithium-ion battery, with spinel-type electrode...