Proton positions in spinel [H0.68Li0.32]4Ti5O12, an ion-exchanged spinel Li4Ti5O12 (2004)
Wagemaker, M, Simon, D R, Kelder, E M, Schoonman, J, Mulder, F M
Extensive migration of Ni and Mn in lithiated LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 spinels (2004)
Wagemaker, M, Ooms, F G B, Kelder, E M, Schoonman, J, Mulder, F M
Electrochemical performance of Al2O3-coated Fe doped LiCoVO4 (2004)
Van Landschoot, N., Kelder, E.M., Kooyman, P.J., Kwakernaak, C., Schoonman, J.
Al2O3-coated LiCo0.94Fe0.06VO4 powders with improved electrochem. cycleability have been synthesized. The morphol. and structure of the coating have been characterized with SEM, HR-TEM and XPS. It...
Extensive migration of Ni and Mn by lithiation of ordered LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 spinel (2004)
Wagemaker, M., Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Kearley, G.J., Mulder, F.M.
LiXMg0-1,Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 spinel (P4(3)32) was chemically and electrochemically lithiated in the range 1 < x less than or equal to 2.25 and subjected to detailed X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis to...
Wagemaker, M., Simon, D.R., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Mulder, F.M.
Spinel Li1[Li0.33Ti1.67]O4 is a candidate anode material for Li-ion batteries. The structural changes in spinel Li1[Li0.33Ti1.67]O4 upon the exchange of Li-ions with protons, leading to...
Inverse spinel materials, a new class of high voltage cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (2003)
Schoonman, J., Kelder, E.M., Van Landschoot, N.
The influence of Cr on the structure and electrochem. properties of LiCoVO4 was studied using x-ray diffraction, SEM, Raman Spectroscopy and cycle tests. Doping levels up to 10 mol% were achieved,...
Synthesis and characterization of LiCo1-xFexVO4 prepared by a citric acid complex method (2003)
Van Landschoot, N., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
For the first time, a method involving a citric acid complex has been used to prepare Fe-doped LiCoVO4. LiCoVO4 has the inverse spinel structure and posses a high voltage of 4.3 V vs. metallic Li. A...
Conduction mechanism in operating a LiMn2O4 cathode (2002)
Marzec, J., Swierczek, K., Przewoznik, J., Molenda, J., Simon, D.R., Kelder, E.M., ...
Two series of the LixMn2O4 spinel samples were studied at low temperatures (200-300 K) on electrical, thermal (DSC) and structural (X-ray diffraction (XRD)) properties for different lithium contents....
High-voltage LiMgNi0.5-Mn1.5O4 spinels for Li-ion batteries (2002)
Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Wagemaker, M., Mulder, F.M., Badwal, S.P.S.
New high-voltage cathode materials for lithium and Li-ion batteries, with the general formula LiMgNi0.5-Mn1.5O4 (=0.00, 0.05 and 0.10), have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure...
Structure determination of high-voltage LiMgdNi0.5-dMn1.5O4 spinels for Li-ion batteries (2002)
Ooms, F.G.B., Wagemaker, M., Van Well, A.A., Mulder, F.M., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
A series of cathode materials has been synthesized with the general formula LiMgdNi0.5-dMn1.5O4 (d = 0.00, 0.05 and 0.10). These are promising cathode materials for lithium and lithium-ion batteries...
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Simon, D.R., Schoonman, J.
The Electrochem. Impedance Spectra of a Li/Li4Ti5O12 cell as a function of the state of charge has been analyzed and the processes of Li intercalation into Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite electrode have...
Graphite-metal oxide composites as anode for Li-ion batteries (2001)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Scrosati, B.
To improve the rate capability and cyclability of carbon anode for Li-ion batteries, graphite was modified by forming a graphite-metal oxide (G-MO) composite. Structure analyses and electrochemical...
Lithium intercalation characteristics of B-C-N and C-B-Si-N carbon alloys (2001)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
The possibility of the application of B-C-N and C-B-Si-N carbon alloys as anode materials for Li-ion batteries is discussed. The structure, composition, and the electrochemical behavior of these...
Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of lithium titanium oxide spinel Li4Ti5O12 (2001)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Simon, D.R., Schoonman, J.
The spinel structured Li4Ti5O12 material was prepd. by a solid-state reaction in air from the TiO2 and various Li salts. The lattice parameters of the Li4Ti5O12 samples prepd. from anatase and rutile...
Composite cell components for elevated temperature all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (2001)
Jak, M.J.G., Pontfoort, M.S., Van Landschoot, N., Best, A.S., Kelder, E.M., MacFarlane, D.R., ...
Application of Li-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes at elevated temperatures (above 60 degreesC) is limited due to the decomposition of the electrolyte. Stable solid state electrolytes can solve...
Capacity, stability, and rate capability of Li1+dMn2-dO4 measured by chemical delithiation (2001)
Kelder, E.M., Ooms, F.G.B., Simon, D.R., Perego, R., Schoonman, J.
In order to stabilize LiMn2O4 for improved electrochem. performance, extra lithium was added during synthesis, giving Li[LidMn2-d]O4 (0
Li1+Mn2-O4 performance measured by leaching. (2001)
Kelder, E.M., Ooms, F.J.B., Perego, R., Schoonman, J., Scrosati, B.
Li-Mn-O spinel materials for Li-ion batteries were characterised by redox titration, controlled chemical de-lithiation and pH measurements in order to derive the capacity, rate performance and...
Flat potential Li-ion batteries with spinel electrodes: LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 vs. LiCrTiO4 (2001)
Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Cycling and pulse-testing data are shown for a lithium-ion battery with a LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4 high-voltage cathode and a LiCrTiO4 anode. This type of lithium-ion battery, with spinel-type electrode...
Performance of Solupor?? separator materials in lithium ion batteries (2001)
Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Gerrits, N., Smedinga, J., Calis, G., ...
It is shown that Solupor is an attractive material for lithium ion batteries. The key properties of low turtuosity, high strength and puncture resistance, and excellent wettability combined with the...
In-situ XRD characterization of LiMVO4 (M = Ni, Co) electrodes for Li-ion batteries (2001)
Van Landschoot, N., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
The lithium extn. and insertion of LiNiVO4 and LiCoVO4 in electrochem. cells was measured by in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD). Cells were constructed with Li4Ti5O12 as the counter electrode instead of...
Lithium Dynamics in LiMn2O4 Probed Directly by Two-Dimensional ?7Li NMR (2001)
Verhoeven, V.W.J., De Schepper, I.M., Nachtegaal, G., Kentgens, A.P.M., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., ...
LiMn2O 4 has been studied using magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). 1D MAS NMR shows three Li resonances assigned to different crystallographic sites. At low temperatures an...
Lithium dynamics in LiMn2O4 probed directly by two-dimensional 7Li NMR (2001)
Verhoeven, V.W.J., De Schepper, I.M., Nachtegaal, G., Kentgens, A.P.M., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., ...
Lithium Dynamics in LiMn2O4 Probed Directly by Two-Dimensional 7Li NMR (2001)
Kelder, E. M., Kentgens, A. P. M., Nachtegaal, G., Verhoeven, V. W. J., De Schepper, I. M.
NMR Study of Ionic Distribution in Li-Doped BPO4 (2000)
Dodd, A.J., Van Eck, E.R.H., Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
7Li nuclear magnetic resonance studies of a series of lithium-doped boron phosphates (LixB1-x/3PO4, 0
Electrochemical characterization of commercial lithium manganese oxide powders (2000)
Huang, H., Chen, C.H., Perego, R.C., Kelder, E.M., Chen, L., Schoonman, J., ...
Five commercial Lithium manganese oxide powders have been studied. The XRD spectra showed all samples to exhibit the spinel structure. The composition and morphology were analyzed by Jaeger-Vetter...
Kaiser, C.T., Verhoeven, V.W.J., Gubbens, P.C.M., Mulder, F.M., De Schepper, I., Yaouanc, A., ...
The battery cathode materials Lix[Mn1.96Li0.04]O4 with x=1 and 0.2 were studied by the zero-field muon-spin-relaxation technique. Both materials have a magnetic transition below TM25 K. At high...
Neutron and X-ray scattering on Li-doped BPO4 (1999)
Jak, M J G, Verhoeven, V W J, De Schepper, I M, Mulder, F M, Kelder, E M, Schoonman, J
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
A novel film fabrication technique, i.e. electrostatic sol-spray deposition (ESSD), has been used in this study to prepare TiO2 thin films of various surface morphologies and crystalline structures....
Electrostatic sol-spray deposition of nanostructured ceramic thin films (1999)
Chen, C.H., Emond, M.H.J., Kelder, E.M., Meester, B., Schoonman, J.
Electrospraying has been developed into an electrostatic spray deposition technique for the deposition of ceramic thin films. The cone-jet spraying mode appears to be the most preferable for this...
Electrochemical characteristics of Sn1-xSixO2 as anode for lithium-ion batteries (1999)
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Chen, L., Schoonman, J., Irvine, J.T.S.
Fine powders of tin oxide doped with traces of silicon in combination with highly dispersed amorphous silicon oxide have been synthesized by an advanced ultrasonic spray method. The mixtures have...
Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Chen, L., Schoonman, J.
Ultra fine silicon-doped tin oxide composite powders have been synthesized using an advanced ultrasonic spray method. The SEM pictures revealed a particle size of about 100 nm. The structure and...
Defect Structure of Li-Doped BPO4: A Nanostructured Ceramic Electrolyte for Li-Ion Batteries (1999)
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
In this paper the defect chemistry of Li-doped BPO4 (BPO4-xLi2O, 0
Dynamically compacted all-ceramic lithium-ion batteries (1999)
Jak, M.J.G., Ooms, F.G.B., Kelder, E.M., Legerstee, W.J., Schoonman, J., Weisenburger, A.
This paper deals with a cell design and a unique manufacturing process for all solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Detailed analyses of the manufacturing of the components for such a battery and the...
Explosive compaction of Li-ion battery components (1999)
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Lashkov, V.N., Strikanov, A.V., Selezenev, A.A., ...
The compaction behavior of Li-ion battery components was studied by using explosive dynamic compaction. Dynamic compaction experiments were conducted on the cathode material LiMn2O4 and the ceramic...
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Everstein, S.J., Schoonman, J.
Li-doped BPO4 is a promising ceramic Li +-ion conducting electrolyte for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the structural and electrical properties of...
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Kaszkur, Z.A., Pielaszek, J., Schoonman, J., Krok, F., ...
By combining structural data with electrical data of nano-structured Li-doped BPO4 the relation between crystal structure and Li+-ion conductivity is derived. A maximum ionic conductivity is found by...
Neutron and X-ray scattering on Li-doped BPO4 (1999)
Jak, M.J.G., Verhoeven, V.W.J., De Schepper, I.M., Mulder, F.M., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
The structure of pure BPO4 and Li-doped BPO4 has been studied by neutron and X-ray scattering. Rietveld refinement of the neutron and X-ray spectra of the doped material did not show additional...
Properties of Li-doped BPO.4 (1999)
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Kaszkur, Z.A., Pielaszek, J., Verhoeven, V.W.J., Schoonman, J., ...
The properties of the ceramic electrolyte Li-doped BPO4 for Li-ion batteries were studied. The thermal stability in the range of 25 to 700C was investigated by using high-temperature X-ray...
Ceramic Li-ion battery manufactured by dynamic compaction. (1999)
Kelder, E.M., Jak, M.J.G., Schoonman, J., Cieslak, W.R.
In the following a production line to form an all-solid-state battery based on a ceramic electrolyte is presented. Several application forms will be mentioned to which the production line should be...
Defect chemical aspects of lithium-ion battery cathodes. (1999)
Schoonman, J., Tuller, H.L., Kelder, E.M., Irvine, J.T.S.
Structural and defect structural aspects of lithiated layer-structured transition-metal oxides with the -NaFeO2 structure will be discussed in relation to stability and electrical behaviour. Emphasis...
Kinetics of copper chemical vapour deposition from Cu(hfac)VTMS (1999)
Ter Heerdt, M.L.H., Van Der Put, P.J., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
The kinetics of copper Chem. Vapor Deposition (CVD) are described by a new model, based on irreversible reactions. The mechanism proposed describes the obsd. growth behavior well. Next to the...
Effects of additives in electrospraying for materials preparation (1998)
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
TiO2 thin films and ZrO2 fine powders were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). The morphology of the thin films and the particle size of the powders can be varied considerably by adding...
Effect of a rhombohedral phase on lithium intercalation capacity in graphite (1998)
Huang, H., Liu, W.F., Huang, X.J., Chen, L.Q., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Van Der Pers, N.M., Weisenburger, A.
The densification of a ceramic electrolyte for rechargeable lithium ion batteries by using different compaction methods is described. The ceramic electrolyte for lithium ions, BPO4-Li2O, is compacted...
Magnetic properties of spinel-related Li[LidMn2-d]O4 (1998)
Van Zomeren, A.A., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Spinel-related lithium manganese oxides, Li[LidMn2-d]O4 are very promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. The theor. capacity, reflected by the no. of lithium that can be extd., is detd. by...
Yuan, F.L., Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Flame-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (FAUSP) has been developed to prepare ceramic powders. FAUSP comprises simple and inexpensive equipment and can be operated easily under ambient conditions...
Electrode and solid electrolyte thin films for secondary lithium-ion batteries (1997)
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) was employed to prepare thin layers of Li1.2Mn2O4 (nominal composition) and BPO4:0.035Li(2)O for all-solid-state thin film lithium-ion batteries. The...
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
During the study of the electrostatic spray deposition technique, porous LiCoO2 thin layers with reticular structures were formed. This discovery has been successfully extended to many other...
Kelder, E.M., Jak, M.J.G., Schoonman, J., Hardgrave, M.T., De-Andersen, S.Y.
Powders of lithium manganese oxide phases are synthesised and characterised for possible application in a Li-ion battery. A modified phase diagram on the basis of the manganese oxidation state and...
Thermochemical data of boron subphosphide (1997)
Kelder, E.M., Van Der Put, P.J., Schoonman, J.
Thermochemical data of boron subphosphide are derived from reported decomposition data of cubic boron monophosphide BP. Both reported boron subphosphides, i.e. B6P and B13P2, are taken into account,...
Thin film solid electrolytes and electrodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (1997)
Various modifications of chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) have been developed recently for the production of solid-state battery components. In addition, the...
Electrostatic spray deposition of thin layers of cathode materials for lithium battery. (1996)
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Jak, M.J.G., Schoonman, J., Chowdari, B.V.R.
A novel fabrication technique, namely electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), has been developed in order to prepare thin layers of solid electrolytes and cathode materials for lithium batteries. In...
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Van Der Put, P., Schoonman, J.
Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) is a technique recently developed for the fabrication of inorganic thin films. Several process steps involved in an ESD process are overviewed. A variety of...
Thin-film components for lithium-ion batteries (1996)
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Van Der Put, P.J.J.M., Schoonman, J.
A review with 29 refs. updates the results as obtained in our thin-film battery study. Chem. vapor deposition techniques and electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), an aerosol technique, are used to...
Unique porous LiCoO2 thin layers prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (1996)
Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique was used to fabricate thin LiCoO2 layers on a metal substrate. A unique, highly porous structure with a narrow pore-size distribution around 1 m was...
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Stuivinga, M., Schoonman, J., Chowdari, B.V.R.
A rechargeable ceramic battery is made of a LixMn2O4 (x= = 1.1) cathode, a graphite anode and a BPO4:yLi2O (y0.035) solid electrolyte by dynamic compaction. This battery system has a theoretical...
Jak, M.J.G., Kelder, E.M., Van Zomeren, R.A., Schoonman, J.
The processing of ceramic battery components by using high pressure pulses is described. Individual cell components are dynamically compacted. The method of dynamic compaction referred to as magnetic...
A new ceramic lithium solid electrolyte for rechargeable swing type batteries (1996)
Kelder, E.M., Jak, M.J.G., DeLange, F., Schoonman, J.
BPO4 is synthesized using a soft-chemical route. A substantial amount of lithium can be dissolved in the BPO4 lattice, rendering solid solutions of xLi(2)O-BPO4 a lithium-ion-conducting electrolyte....
Octahedral site occupation of lithium in LixMn2O4 (1996)
Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J., Berg, H., Thomas, J.O.
Several lithium manganese oxygen compds. are synthesized. Practical and theor. phase diagrams are discussed. The compns. synthesized at 600 Deg and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and...
Thin film techniques for solid electrolyte composites (1996)
Nord-Varhaug, K., Chun Hua, C., Kelder, E.M., Van Berkel, F.P.F., Schoonman, J.
In the purpose of investigating routes of making electrolytes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells, two thin film techniques, electrochemical vapour deposition (EVD) and electrostatic spray...
Chen, C.H., Buysman, A.A.J., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J.
LiCoO2 thin films for cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries were prepared by the electrostatic spray pyrolysis technique. The surface morphology may be either dense or porous, depending on the...
Bulk syntheses and electrochemical properties of submicron powders of LixMn2O4 (1994)
Kelder, E.M., Chen, L., Huang, X., Schoonman, J.
Submicron powders of LixMn2O4 with spinel structure were synthesized by a wet chem. method, the index x being the lithium content in the starting precursor materials. The kind of powders formed...
Kelder, E.M., Van Der Put, P., Schoonman, J.
The surface equil. concn. on BP has been calcd. using thermodn. and assuming Langmuir adsorption behavior, for the system B-P-H-Br. Thermodn. consts. for several ad-species are constructed, in order...
Kelder, E.M., Nijs, O.C.J., Schoonman, J.
Electrostatic spray pyrolysis (ESP), or electrospraying, a rather novel technique to generate aerosols, has been used for thin film deposition of oxidic ceramic materials. Yttrium stabilized zirconia...
The Production of Thin-Films of Limn2o4 by Electrospraying (1994)
Van Zomeren, A.A., Kelder, E.M., Marijnissen, J.C.M., Schoonman, J.
Electrospraying comprises the generation of an aerosol by applying a high voltage to the surface of a liquid, which contains certain precursor materials. Th