David Baltimore

Sustained expression of microRNA-155 in hematopoietic stem cells causes a myeloproliferative disorder (2008)

O'Connell, Ryan M., Rao, Dinesh S., Chaudhuri, Aadel A., Boldin, Mark P., Taganov, Konstnatin D., Nicoll, John, ...

Mammalian microRNAs are emerging as key regulators of the development and function of the immune system. Here, we report a strong but transient induction of miR-155 in mouse bone marrow after...

Stable reduction of CCR5 by RNAi through hematopoietic stem cell transplant in non-human primates (2007)

An, Dong Sung, Donahue, Robert E., Kamata, Masakazu, Poon, Betty, Metzger, Mark, Mao, Si-Hua, ...

RNAi is a powerful method for suppressing gene expression that has tremendous potential for therapeutic applications. However, because endogenous RNAi plays a role in normal cellular functions,...

MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response (2007)

O'Connell, Ryan M., Taganov, Konstantin D., Boldin, Mark P., Cheng, Genhong, Baltimore, David

The mammalian inflammatory response to infection involves the induction of several hundred genes, a process that must be carefully regulated to achieve pathogen clearance and prevent the consequences...

NF-{kappa}B-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses (2006)

Taganov, Konstantin D., Boldin, Mark P., Chang, Kuang-Jung, Baltimore, David

Activation of mammalian innate and acquired immune responses must be tightly regulated by elaborate mechanisms to control their onset and termination. MicroRNAs have been implicated as negative...

Targeting lentiviral vectors to specific cell types in vivo (2006)

Yang, Lili, Bailey, Leslie, Baltimore, David, Wang, Pin

We have developed an efficient method to target lentivirus-mediated gene transduction to a desired cell type. It involves incorporation of antibody and fusogenic protein as two distinct molecules...

Circuitry of nuclear factor κB signaling (2006)

Hoffmann, Alexander, Baltimore, David

Over the past few years, the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB and the proteins that regulate it have emerged as a signaling system of pre-eminent importance in human physiology and in an...

Long-term in vivo provision of antigen-specific T cell immunity by programming hematopoietic stem cells (2005)

Yang, Lili, Baltimore, David

A method to genetically program mouse hematopoietic stem cells to develop into functional CD8 or CD4 T cells of defined specificity in vivo is described. For this purpose, a bicistronic retroviral...

Unique CD40-mediated biological program in B cell activation requires both type 1 and type 2 NF-kappa B activation pathways (2004)

Zarnegar, Brian, He, Jeannie Q., Oganesyan, Gagik, Hoffmann, Alexander, Baltimore, David, Cheng, Genhong

B lymphocytes can be activated by many different stimuli. However, the mechanisms responsible for the signaling and functional specificities of individual stimuli remain to be elucidated. Here, we...

Efficient Gene Targeting Mediated by Adeno-Associated Virus and DNA Double-Strand Breaks (2003)

Porteus, Matthew H., Cathomen, Toni, Weitzman, Matthew D., Baltimore, David

Gene targeting is the in situ manipulation of the sequence of an endogenous gene by the introduction of homologous exogenous DNA. Presently, the rate of gene targeting is too low for it to be broadly...

Inhibiting HIV-1 infection in human T cells by lentiviral-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA against CCR5 (2003)

Qin, Xiao-Feng, An, Dong Sung, Chen, Irvin S. Y., Baltimore, David

Double-stranded RNAs approximate to 21 nucleotides long [small interfering RNA (siRNA)] are recognized as powerful reagents to reduce the expression of specific genes. To use them as reagents to...

Generation of functional antigen-specific T cells in defined genetic backgrounds by retrovirus-mediated expression of TCR cDNAs in hematopoietic precursor cells (2002)

Yang, Lili, Qin, Xiao-Feng, Baltimore, David, Van Parijs, Luk

We have developed an alternative to transgenesis for producing antigen-specific T cells in vivo. In this system, clonal naive T cells with defined antigen specificity are generated by...

The combined absence of NF-kappa B1 and c-Rel reveals that overlapping roles for these transcription factors in the B cell lineage are restricted to the activation and function of mature cells (2002)

Pohl, Thomas, Gugasyan, Raffi, Grumont, Raelene J., Strasser, Andreas, Metcalf, Donald, Tarlinton, David, ...

Transcription factors NF-KB1 and c-Rel, individually dispensable during embryogenesis, serve similar, yet distinct, roles in the function of mature hemopoietic cells. Redundancy among Rel/ NF-KB...

Cooperation of multiple signaling pathways in CD40-regulated gene expression in B lymphocytes (2002)

Dadgostar, Hajir, Zarnegar, Brian, Hoffmann, Alexander, Qin, Xiao-Feng, Truong, Uyen, Rao, Govinda, ...

CD40/CD40L interaction is essential for multiple biological events in T dependent humoral immune responses, including B cell survival and proliferation, germinal center and memory B cell formation,...

Requirement for the NF-kappa B family member Re1A in the development of secondary lymphoid organs (2002)

Alcamo, Elizabeth, Hacohen, Nir, Schulte, Leah C., Rennert, Paul D., Hynes, Richard O., Baltimore, David

The transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB has been suggested to be a key mediator of the development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. However, targeted deletion of NF-kappaB/ Rel family...

Domain-dependent Function of the rasGAP-binding Protein p62Dok in Cell Signaling (2001)

Songyang, Zhou, Yamanashi, Yuji, Liu, Dan, Baltimore, David

p62Dok, the rasGAP-binding protein, is a common target of protein-tyrosine kinases. It is one of the major tyrosine-phosphorylated molecules in v-Src-transformed cells. Dok consists of an...

Selective requirement for c-Rel during IL-12 P40 gene induction in macrophages (2000)

Sanjabi, Shomyseh, Hoffmann, Alexander, Liou, Hsiou-Chi, Baltimore, David, Smale, Stephen T.

A major challenge in the study of gene regulation by NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors is to understand, at the biological and mechanistic levels, the selective functions of individual Rel family...

The Human Thioesterase II Protein Binds to a Site on HIV-1 Nef Critical for CD4 Down-regulation (2000)

Cohen, George B., Rangan, Vangipuram S., Chen, Benjamin K., Smith, Stuart, Baltimore, David

A HIV-1 Nef affinity column was used to purify a 35-kDa Nef-interacting protein from T-cell lysates. The 35-kDa protein was identified by peptide microsequence analysis as the human thioesterase II...

V(D)J recombination is not activated by demethylation of the kappa locus (2000)

Cherry, Sara R., Beard, Caroline, Jaenisch, Rudolf, Baltimore, David

V(D)J recombination is thought to be regulated by changes in the accessibility of target sites, such as modulation of methylation. To test whether demethylation of the kappa locus can activate...

The combined absence of the transcription factors Rel and RelA leads to multiple hemopoietic cell defects (1999)

Grossmann, Mathis, Metcalf, Donald, Merryfull, Julie, Beg, Amer, Baltimore, David, Gerondakis, Steve

Individual Rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors, although dispensable for the development and maturation of most hemopoietic cells, are critical regulators of normal immune function. Redundancy among...

Chromatin remodeling directly activates V(D)J recombination (1999)

Cherry, Sara R., Baltimore, David

V(D)J recombination substrate choice is regulated to ensure that the appropriate gene segments are rearranged during lymphocyte development. It has been proposed that regulation of substrate usage is...

Radiation-induced Assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 Recombination Complex Requires ATM and c-Abl (1999)

Chen, Gang, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F., Liu, Wei, Xu, Yang, Trujillo, Kelly, Song, Binwei, ...

Cells from individuals with the recessive cancer-prone disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (I-R). ATM (mutated in A-T) is a protein kinase whose activity is...

Dissecting Fas signaling with an altered-specificity death-domain mutant: Requirement of FADD binding for apoptosis but not Jun N-terminal kinase activation (1999)

Chang, Howard Y., Yang, Xiaolu, Baltimore, David

Fas is a cell surface death receptor that regulates peripheral tolerance and lymphoid homeostasis. In many pathologic conditions, ectopic Fas activation mediates tissue destruction. Several proteins...

Specificities of CD40 signaling: Involvement of TRAF2 in CD40-induced NF-kappa B activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation (1999)

Lee, Ho H., Dempsey, Paul W., Parks, Thomas P., Zhu, Xiaoqing, Baltimore, David, Cheng, Genhong

Several tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family proteins including TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF5, and TRAF6, as well as Jak3, have been implicated as potential mediators of CD40...

Involvement of p53 and p21 in Cellular Defects and Tumorigenesis in Atmminus /minus Mice (1998)

Xu, Yang, Yang, Eva Marie, Brugarolas, James, Jacks, Tyler, Baltimore, David

Disruption of the mouse Atm gene, whose human counterpart is consistently mutated in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients, creates an A-T mouse model exhibiting most of the A-T-related systematic and...

HIV-1 Directly Kills CD4+ T Cells by a Fas-independent Mechanism (1998)

Gandhi, Rajesh T., Chen, Benjamin K., Straus, Stephen E., Dale, Janet K., Lenardo, Michael J., Baltimore, David

The mechanism by which HIV-1 induces CD4+ T cell death is not known. A fundamental issue is whether HIV-1 primarily induces direct killing of infected cells or indirectly causes death of uninfected...

Degeneration of neurons, synapses, and neuropil and glial activation in a murine Atm knockout model of ataxia-telangiectasia (1997)

Kuljis, Rodrigo O., Xu, Yang, Aguila, M. Cecilia, Baltimore, David

Neural degeneration is one of the clinical manifestations of ataxia-telangiectasia, a disorder caused by mutations in the Atm protein kinase gene, However, neural degeneration was not detected with...

Interleukin 3-dependent survival by the Akt protein kinase (1997)

Songyang, Zhou, Baltimore, David, Cantley, Lewis C., Kaplan, David R., Franke, Thomas F.

Interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent survival of hematopoietic cells is known to rely on the activity of multiple signaling pathways, including a pathway leading to activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase...

The kappaB sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat enhance virus replication yet are not absolutely required for viral growth (1997)

Chen, Benjamin K., Feinberg, Mark B., Baltimore, David

The dependence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on its NF- kappaB binding sites (kappaB sites) for replication in transformed and primary T-cell targets was examined by infecting cells...

In vitro V(D)J recombination: Signal joint formation (1996)

Cortes, Patricia, Weis-Garcia, Frances, Misulovin, Ziva, Nussenzweig, Andre, Lai, Jiann-Shiun, Li, Gloria, ...

The first step of V(D)J recombination, specific cleavage at the recombination signal sequence (RSS), can be carried out by the recombination activating proteins RAG1 and RAG2. In vivo, the cleaved...

CD4 down-modulation during infection of human T cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involves independent activities of vpu, env, and nef (1996)

Chen, Benjamin K., Ghandi, Rajesh T., Baltimore, David

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genes vpu, env, and nef have all been implicated in modulating the levels of cell surface CD4 on infected cells. To quantitatively assess the relative...

In vivo tissue distribution of CD4 lymphocytes in mice determined by radioimmunoscintigraphy with an (111)In-labeled anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (1996)

Rubin, Robert H., Baltimore, David, Chen, Benjamin K., Wilkinson, Robert A., Fischman, Alan J.

The tissue distribution of CD4 lymphocytes in normal C57/BL mice and CD4 knockout mice was determined by biodistribution measurements and gamma camera imaging with an In-111-labeled rat IgG(2b)...

Genetic evidence that the RAG1 protein directly participates in V(D)J recombination through substrate recognition (1996)

Roman, Christopher A. J., Baltimore, David

RAG1 protein is essential for the activation of V(D)J recombination in developing lymphocytes (V, variable; D, diversity; J, joining). However, it has not been determined whether its role involves...

Function of the pre-T-cell receptor alpha chain in T-cell development and allelic exclusion at the T-cell receptor beta locus (1996)

Xu, Yang, Davidson, Laurie, Alt, Frederick W., Baltimore, David

The pre-T-cell receptor, composed of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain (TCR beta), pre-T alpha (pT alpha) chain, and CD3 molecules, has been postulated to be a transducer of signals during the...

Proline-Rich Sequences that Bind to Src Homology 3 Domains with Individual Specificities (1995)

Alexandropoulos, Konstantina, Cheng, Genhong, Baltimore, David

To study the binding specificity of Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, we have screened a mouse embryonic expression library for peptide fragments that interact with them. Several clones were identified...

Reduction of caveolin and caveolae in oncogenically transformed cells (1995)

Koleske, Anthony J., Baltimore, David, Lisanti, Michael P.

Caveolae are flask-shaped non-clathrin-coated invaginations of the plasma membrane. In addition to the demonstrated roles for caveolae in potocytosis and transcytosis, caveolae may regulate the...

Binding of Vav to Grb2 through dimerization of Src homology 3 domains (1994)

Ye, Zheng-Sheng, Baltimore, David

The protooncogenic protein Vav has the structure of an intracellular signal transducer. It is exclusively expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage and plays a crucial role in hematopoietic cell...

Molecular evolution of the vertebrate immune system (1994)

Bartl, Simona, Baltimore, David, Weissman, Irving L.

An understanding of the evolution of vertebrate immunity is slowly emerging from studies of chordates that share distant ancestors with mammals. In higher vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, we...

Binding of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase to Fyn, Lyn, or Hck Through a Src Homology 3 Domain-Mediated Interaction (1994)

Cheng, Genhong, Ze, Zheng-Sheng, Baltimore, David

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a recently described B-cell-specific tyrosine kinase. Mutations in this gene lead to human X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia and murine X-linked...

RAG-1 Interacts with the Repeated Amino Acid Motif of the Human Homologue of the Yeast Protein SRP1 (1994)

Cortes, Patricia, Ye, Zheng-Sheng, Baltimore, David

Genes for immunoglobulins and T-cell receptor are generated by a process known as V(D)J recombination. This process is highly regulated and mediated by the recombination activating proteins RAG-1 and...

Sequential induction of NF-kappa B/Rel family proteins during B-cell terminal differentiation (1994)

Liou, Hsiou-Chi, Sha, William C., Scott, Martin L., Baltimore, David

The NF-kappa B/Rel family of at least five transcription factor polypeptides is thought to function both as a developmental regulator in B cells and as a rapid response system in all cells. To...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Cells Predicts Disease Progression Independently of the Numbers of CD4+ Lymphocytes (1994)

Saksela, Kalle, Stevens, Cladd, Rubinstein, Pablo, Baltimore, David

To address the significance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we have used reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR to measure HIV-1 mRNA...

The COOH terminus of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase contains distinct F- and G-actin binding domains with bundling activity (1994)

Van Etten, Richard A., Jackson, Peter K., Baltimore, David, Sanders, Mitchell C., Matsudaira, Paul T., Janmey, Paul A.

The myristoylated form of c-Abl protein, as well as the P210bcr/abl protein, have been shown by indirect immunofluorescence to associate with F-actin stress fibers in fibroblasts. Analysis of...

Distinct modes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral latency revealed by superinfection of nonproductively infected cell lines with recombinant luciferase-encoding viruses (1994)

Chen, Benjamin K., Saksela, Kalle, Andino, Raul, Baltimore, David

To study the basis of cellular latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have used a recombinant luciferase-encoding HIV (HXB-Luc) to superinfect nonproductively HIV-1-infected human leukemic...

High viral load in lymph nodes and latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood cells of HIV-1-infected chimpanzees (1993)

Saksela, Kalle, Muchmore, Elizabeth, Girard, Marc, Fultz, Patricia, Baltimore, David

We have examined human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in chimpanzees by analyzing HIV-1 DNA and RNA in lymph nodes and peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Like certain asymptomatic...

The bcl-3 proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear I kappa B-like molecule that preferentially interacts with NF-kappa B p50 and p52 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner (1993)

Nolan, Garry P., Fujita, Takashi, Bhatia, Kishor, Huppi, Conrad, Liou, Hsiou-Chi, Scott, Martin L., ...

The product of the putative proto-oncogene bcl-3 is an I kappa B-like molecule with novel binding properties specific for a subset of the rel family of transcriptional regulators. In vitro, Bcl-3...

Negative regulation of immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene transcription by a short sequence homologous to the murine B1 repetitive element (1993)

Saksela, Kalle, Baltimore, David

B-cell-specific expression of the immunoglobulin kappa light-chain (Ig kappa) gene is in part accomplished by negative regulatory influences. Here we describe a new negatively acting element (termed...

E2A-Pbx1, the t(1;19) translocation protein of human pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, causes acute myeloid leukemia in mice (1993)

Kamps, Mark P., Baltimore, David

One-quarter of pediatric pre-B-cell leukemias contain the t(1;19) chromosomal translocation, which fuses 5' exons encoding the transactivation domain of the E2A transcription factor gene to 3' exons...

Secondary structure of Src homology 2 domain of c-Abl by heteronouclear NMR spectroscopy in solution (1992)

Overduin, Michael, Mayer, Bruce, Rios, Carlos B., Baltimore, David, Cowburn, David

The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain is a recognition motif thought to mediate the association of the cytoplasmic proteins involved in signal transduction by binding to phosphotyrosyl-containing sequences...

Blocked early-stage latency in the peripheral blood cells of certain individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1992)

Seshamma, Thikkavarapu, Bagasra, Omar, Trono, Didier, Baltimore, David, Pomerantz, Roger J.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections of humans have a natural history characterized by a variable but usually slow progression to an immunodeficient state. We have described a...

Nonmyristoylated Abl proteins transform a factor-dependent hematopoietic cell line (1992)

Daley, George Q., Van Etten, Richard A., Jackson, Peter K., Bernards, Andre, Baltimore, David

N-terminal myristoylation can promote the association of proteins with the plasma membrane, a property that is required for oncogenic variants of Src and Abl to transform fibroblastic cell types. The...

Blast Crisis in a Murine Model of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1991)

Daley, George Q., Van Etten, Richard A., Baltimore, David

The P210bcr/abl protein is produced in cells from patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Retroviral transfer of the gene encoding P210bcr/abl into murine...

v-abl causes hematopoietic disease distinct from that caused by bcr-abl (1991)

Scott, Martin L., Van Etten, Richard A., Daley, George Q., Baltimore, David

v-abl, the oncogene transduced by Abelson murine leukemia virus, was first characterized by its ability to transform lymphoid cells. bcr-abl, the oncogene formed by a t(9;22) translocation thought to...

Kinetics of expression of multiply spliced RNA in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of lymphocytes and monocytes (1991)

Klotman, Mary E., Kim, Sunyoung, Buchbinder, Aby, DeRossi, Anita, Baltimore, David, Wong-Staal, Flossie

The genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes at least six proteins involved in regulation as well as the structural proteins Gag, Pol, and Env. The interplay of the various...

The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation (1991)

Feinberg, Mark B., Baltimore, David, Frankel, Alan D.

The mechanism of Tat transactivation was studied by treating cell lines containing Tat-defective viruses with purified Tat protein. These cell lines constitutively produce very low levels of virus in...

Mechanism of leukemogenesis induced by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses (1991)

Li, Jing-Po, Baltimore, David

The Friend or Moloney mink cell focus-forming (MCF) virus encodes a recombinant-type envelope glycoprotein, gp 70, that is closely related to the membrane glycoprotein, gp55, of Friend spleen...

Virus-transformed pre-B cells show ordered activation but not inactivation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and transcription (1991)

Schlissel, Mark S., Corcoran, Lynn M., Baltimore, David

Virus-transformed pre-B cells undergo ordered immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements during culture. We devised a series of highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction assays for Ig gene...

The long terminal repeat is not a major determinant of the cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1991)

Pomerantz, Roger J., Feinberg, Mark B., Andino, Raul, Baltimore, David

The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains from the central nervous systems of four patients with AIDS and of an HIV-1 isolate which is highly...

B-cell- and myocyte-specific E2-box-binding factors contain E12/E47-like subunits (1991)

Murre, Cornelis, Voronova, Anna, Baltimore, David

Recent studies have identified a family of DNA-binding proteins that share a common DNA-binding and dimerization domain with the potential to form a helix-loop-helix (HLH) structure. Various HLH...

The noncatalytic src homology region 2 segment of abl tyrosine kinase binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated cellular proteins with high affinity (1991)

Mayer, Bruce J., Jackson, Peter K., Baltimore, David

Several proteins implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation contain a common noncatalytic domain, src homology region 2 (SH2). We have used the bacterially expressed SH2 domain of abl...

Selective expression of RAG-2 in chicken B cells undergoing immunoglobulin gene conversion (1991)

Carlson, Louise M., Oettinger, Marjorie A., Schatz, David G., Masteller, Emma L., Hurley, Elizabeth A., McCormack, Wayne T., ...

Chickens create their immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoires during B cell development in the bursa of Fabriclus by intrachromosomal gene conversion. Recent evidence has suggested that Ig gene conversion...

Factors affecting cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

Kim, Sunyoung, Ikeuchi, Kenji, Groopman, Jerome, Baltimore, David

To evaluate the basis of the slow growth of many human immunodeficiency virus strains in monocytes/macrophages, various stages of the virus life cycle have been studied for their possible...

The promoter of the human interleukin-2 gene contains two octamer-binding sites and is partially activated by the expression of Oct-2 (1990)

Kamps, Mark P., Corcoran, Lynn, LeBowitz, Jonathan H., Baltimore, David

The gene encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) contains a sequence 52 to 326 nucleotides upstream of its transcriptional initiation site that promotes transcription in T cells that have been activated by...

Transcriptional activation by SP1 as directed through TATA or initiator: Specific requirement for mammalian transcription factor IID (1990)

Smale, Stephen T., Schmidt, Martin C., Berk, Arnold J., Baltimore, David

Transcription of mammalian genes by RNA polymerase II often begins at a specific nucleotide, whose location is determined either by an upstream DNA element known as a TATA box or by an element...

Substitutions in the protease (3Cpro) gene of poliovirus can suppress a mutation in the 5' noncoding region (1990)

Andino, Raul, Rieckhof, Gabrielle E., Trono, Didier, Baltimore, David

The poliovirus mutant 5NC-11 has a 4-base insertion at position 70 within the 5' untranslated region and is deficient in RNA synthesis. Revertants from 5NC-11 were isolated, showing a partial...

Temporal aspects of DNA and RNA synthesis during human immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence for differential gene expression (1989)

Kim, Sunyoung, Byrn, Randal, Groopman, Jerome, Baltimore, David

The kinetics of retroviral DNA and RNA synthesis are parameters vital to understanding viral growth, especially for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which encodes several of its own regulatory...

Human immunodeficiency virus tat-activated expression of poliovirus protein 2A inhibits mRNA translation (1989)

Sun, Xiao-Hong, Baltimore, David

To study the effect of poliovirus protein 2A on cellular RNA translation, the tat control system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was used. Protein 2A was expressed from a plasmid construct...

Transformation of an Interleukin 3-Dependent Hematopoietic Cell Line by the Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia-Specific P210bcr/abl Protein (1988)

Daley, George Q., Baltimore, David

The P210bcr/abl protein is associated with virtually every case of human chronic myelogenous leukemia. Unlike the related P160gag/v-abl oncogene product of Abelson murine leukemia virus, P210bcr/abl...