Charles Yanofsky

Formation of heterodimers between wild type and mutant trp aporepressor polypeptides of Escherichia coli (1988)

Graddis, Thomas J., Klig, Lisa S., Yanofsky, Charles, Oxender, Dale L.

Availability of the three-dimensional structure of the trp repressor of Escherichia coli and a large group of repressor mutants has permitted the identification and analysis of mutants with...

A Bacillus subtilis operon containing genes of unknown function senses tRNATrp charging and regulates expression of the genes of tryptophan biosynthesis

Sarsero, Joseph P., Merino, Enrique, Yanofsky, Charles

Strains of Bacillus subtilis containing a temperature-sensitive tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase produce elevated levels of the tryptophan pathway enzymes, when grown at high temperatures in the presence...

DNA microarray analysis of gene expression in response to physiological and genetic changes that affect tryptophan metabolism in Escherichia coli

Khodursky, Arkady B., Peter, Brian J., Cozzarelli, Nicholas R., Botstein, David, Brown, Patrick O., Yanofsky, Charles

We investigated the global changes in mRNA abundance in Escherichia coli elicited by various perturbations of tryptophan metabolism. To do so we printed DNA microarrays containing 95% of all...

The structures of anthranilate synthase of Serratia marcescens crystallized in the presence of (i) its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and a product, glutamate, and (ii) its end-product inhibitor, l-tryptophan

Spraggon, Glen, Kim, Choel, Nguyen-Huu, Xuong, Yee, Muh-Ching, Yanofsky, Charles, Mills, Stanley E.

The crystal structure of anthranilate synthase (AS) from Serratia marcescens, a mesophilic bacterium, has been solved in the presence of its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and one product,...

The mechanism of tryptophan induction of tryptophanase operon expression: Tryptophan inhibits release factor-mediated cleavage of TnaC-peptidyl-tRNAPro

Gong, Feng, Ito, Koichi, Nakamura, Yoshikazu, Yanofsky, Charles

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. In a previous study, we reproduced the...

Role of Ribosome Release in Regulation of tna Operon Expression in Escherichia coli

Konan, Kouacou Vincent, Yanofsky, Charles

Expression of the degradative tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. In cultures growing in the...

Rho-Dependent Transcription Termination in the tna Operon of Escherichia coli: Roles of the boxA Sequence and the rut Site

Konan, Kouacou Vincent, Yanofsky, Charles

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. Tryptophan induction prevents...

A Bacillus subtilis Gene of Previously Unknown Function, yhaG, Is Translationally Regulated by Tryptophan-Activated TRAP and Appears To Be Involved in Tryptophan Transport

Sarsero, Joseph P., Merino, Enrique, Yanofsky, Charles

Computer analysis of the Bacillus subtilis genome sequence revealed a gene with no previously attributed function, yhaG, specifying a transcript containing a presumptive binding site for the...

Genomewide transcriptional changes associated with genetic alterations and nutritional supplementation affecting tryptophan metabolism in Bacillus subtilis

Berka, Randy M., Cui, Xianju, Yanofsky, Charles

DNA microarrays comprising ≈95% of the Bacillus subtilis annotated protein coding ORFs were deployed to generate a series of snapshots of genomewide transcriptional changes that occur when cells...

A Transcriptional Pause Synchronizes Translation with Transcription in the Tryptophanase Operon Leader Region

Gong, Feng, Yanofsky, Charles

Regulation of transcription of the tryptophanase operon requires that translation of its leader peptide coding region, tnaC, be coupled with its transcription. We show in vitro that a transcription...

Duplication-Translocations of Tryptophan Operon Genes in Escherichia coli

Jackson, Ethel Noland, Yanofsky, Charles

Mutants of Escherichia coli were selected in which a single mutational event had both relieved the polar effect of an early trpE mutation on trpB and simultaneously released the expression of trpB...

Isolation and Characterization of Specialized φ80 Transducing Phages Carrying Regions of the Salmonella typhimurium trp Operon

Denney, Richard M., Yanofsky, Charles

We have isolated a series of nondefective φ80 specialized transducing phage which carry segments of the Salmonella typhimurium trp operon. These phage were obtained from a lysogenic derivative of a...

Pseudomonas putida Tryptophan Synthetase: Partial Sequence of the α Subunit

Crawford, Irving P., Yanofsky, Charles

There is 50% identity in the sequences of the first 50 residues of the α chains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. No deletions or additions of residues are found in this region, except for...

Transcription of the Operator Proximal and Distal Ends of the Tryptophan Operon: Evidence that trpE and trpA Are the Delimiting Structural Genes

Rose, John K., Yanofsky, Charles

Measurements of the time required for transcription of regions of known genetic length in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli indicate that there are no major unidentified structural genes in...

Evidence That Tryptophanyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Is Not the Corepressor of the Tryptophan Operon of Escherichia coli

Mosteller, Raymond D., Yanofsky, Charles

When a growing culture of a tryptophan auxotroph of Escherichia coli is transferred to a tryptophan-free medium, the bacteria exhaust their supply of Trp-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). Under these...

Anthranilate Synthetase, an Enzyme Specified by the Tryptophan Operon of Escherichia coli: Purification and Characterization of Component I

Ito, Junetsu, Cox, Edward C., Yanofsky, Charles

A procedure employed in the purification of anthranilate synthetase component I of Escherichia coli is described. The purified component appears homogeneous by starch gel electrophoresis and by...

Anthranilate Synthetase, an Enzyme Specified by the Tryptophan Operon of Escherichia coli: Comparative Studies on the Complex and the Subunits

Ito, Junetsu, Yanofsky, Charles

The properties of the anthranilate synthetase complex and its separated subunits were compared in catalyzing the anthranilate synthetase reaction, chorismate + l-glutamine or NH4+ → anthranilate,...

Amino Terminal Sequence of the Tryptophan Synthetase Alpha Chain of Serratia marcescens

Li, Shoei-Lung, Drapeau, Gabriel R., Yanofsky, Charles

The sequence of the amino terminal 28 residues of the tryptophan synthetase α chain of Serratia marcescens is presented and compared with the related sęquences of α chains of other bacteria.

Localization of Two Functions of the Phosphoribosyl Anthranilate Transferase of Escherichia coli to Distinct Regions of the Polypeptide Chain

Jackson, Ethel Noland, Yanofsky, Charles

The trpD gene specifies a polypeptide which has both glutamine amidotransferase and phosphoribosyl anthranilate (PRA) transferase activities. Deletions fusing segments of trpD to the gene preceding...

Subunits of the Adenosine Triphosphatase Complex Translated In Vitro from the Escherichia coli unc Operon

Downie, J. Allan, Langman, Lyndall, Cox, Graeme B., Yanofsky, Charles, Gibson, Frank

The unc operon of Escherichia coli was split into two fragments by the restriction endonuclease HindIII. The operator-proximal portion was cloned into plasmid pACYC184, forming plasmid pAN51, which...

TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHETASE LEVELS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI, SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE, AND TRANSDUCTION HYBRIDS

Eisenstein, Richard B., Yanofsky, Charles

Eisenstein, Richard B. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio) and Charles Yanofsky. Tryptophan synthetase levels in Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and transduction hybrids. J....

Mutants of Escherichia coli with an Altered Tryptophanyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase

Doolittle, W. Ford, Yanofsky, Charles

Fourteen mutant strains of Escherichia coli were examined, each of which requires tryptophan for growth but is unaltered in any of the genes of the tryptophan biosynthetic operon. The genetic lesions...

Spontaneous and ICR191-A-induced Frameshift Mutations in the A Gene of Escherichia coli Tryptophan Synthetase

Berger, Hillard, Brammar, William J., Yanofsky, Charles

Frameshift mutant trpA21 was isolated after ultraviolet treatment and frameshift mutant trpA540 after ICR191-A (an acridine derivative) treatment of wild-type Escherichia coli K-12. The A proteins of...

Mutator Gene Studies in Escherichia coli

Cox, Edward C., Yanofsky, Charles

An Escherichia coli mutator gene, mutT, has been shown by P1-mediated crosses to map between the leucine and azide loci. The mutT1 and azi-r alleles cotransduce with a frequency of >92%. In...

Mechanism Studies of Suppressor-Gene Action1

Brody, Stuart, Yanofsky, Charles

Brody, Stuart (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.), and Charles Yanofsky. Mechanism studies of suppressor-gene action. J. Bacteriol. 90:687–695. 1965.—Mutations which change the primary...

Efficient cloning of genes of Neurospora crassa

Vollmer, Steven J., Yanofsky, Charles

We have constructed a genomic library of Neurospora crassa DNA in a cosmid vector that contains the dominant selectable marker for benomyl resistance. The library is arranged to permit the rapid...

Nucleotide sequence of the leader region of the phenylalanine operon of Escherichia coli

Zurawski, Gerard, Brown, Keith, Killingly, David, Yanofsky, Charles

The pheA structural gene of the phenylalanine operon of Escherichia coli is preceded by a transcribed leader region of about 170 nucleotide pairs. In vitro transcription of plasmids and restriction...

Interaction of the Operator of the Tryptophan Operon with Repressor

Rose, John K., Yanofsky, Charles

Transcription studies in vitro on repression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli show that partially purified trp repressor binds specifically to DNA containing the trp operator with a...

Nucleotide Sequences from Tryptophan Messenger RNA of Escherichia coli: The Sequence Corresponding to the Amino-Terminal Region of the First Polypeptide Specified by the Operon

Bronson, Morley J., Squires, Craig, Yanofsky, Charles

Mutants with internal deletions that terminate near the operator end of the tryptophan operon of E. coli were used in studies on the nucleotide sequence at the 5′ end of the messenger RNA...

Plasmid ColE1 as a Molecular Vehicle for Cloning and Amplification of DNA

Hershfield, Vickers, Boyer, Herbert W., Yanofsky, Charles, Lovett, Michael A., Helinski, Donald R.

DNA fragments obtained from EcoRI endonuclease digestion of bacteriophage ϕ80pt190 (trp+) and the plasmid ColE1 were covalently joined with polynucleotide ligase. Transformation of Escherichia coli...

Effects of Tryptophan Starvation on Levels of the trp RNA-Binding Attenuation Protein (TRAP) and Anti-TRAP Regulatory Protein and Their Influence on trp Operon Expression in Bacillus subtilis

Yang, Wen-Jen, Yanofsky, Charles

The anti-TRAP protein (AT), encoded by the rtpA gene of Bacillus subtilis, can bind to and inhibit the tryptophan-activated trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP). AT binding can prevent TRAP...

Overexpression of tnaC of Escherichia coli Inhibits Growth by Depleting tRNA2Pro Availability

Gong, Ming, Gong, Feng, Yanofsky, Charles

Transcription of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. Induction results from ribosome...

Translational Coupling during Expression of the Tryptophan Operon of ESCHERICHIA COLI

Oppenheim, Daniel S., Yanofsky, Charles

E. coli trpE polar mutations are 10 times more polar on trpD gene expression than on downstream (trpC, B, or A) gene expression. This effect was shown to be the result of "translational coupling," in...

Changes produced by bound tryptophan in the ribosome peptidyl transferase center in response to TnaC, a nascent leader peptide

Cruz-Vera, Luis Rogelio, Gong, Ming, Yanofsky, Charles

Studies in vitro have established that free tryptophan induces tna operon expression by binding to the ribosome that has just completed synthesis of TnaC-tRNAPro, the peptidyl-tRNA precursor of the...

A Bacillus subtilis operon containing genes of unknown function senses tRNATrp charging and regulates expression of the genes of tryptophan biosynthesis

Sarsero, Joseph P., Merino, Enrique, Yanofsky, Charles

Strains of Bacillus subtilis containing a temperature-sensitive tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase produce elevated levels of the tryptophan pathway enzymes, when grown at high temperatures in the presence...

DNA microarray analysis of gene expression in response to physiological and genetic changes that affect tryptophan metabolism in Escherichia coli

Khodursky, Arkady B., Peter, Brian J., Cozzarelli, Nicholas R., Botstein, David, Brown, Patrick O., Yanofsky, Charles

We investigated the global changes in mRNA abundance in Escherichia coli elicited by various perturbations of tryptophan metabolism. To do so we printed DNA microarrays containing 95% of all...

The structures of anthranilate synthase of Serratia marcescens crystallized in the presence of (i) its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and a product, glutamate, and (ii) its end-product inhibitor, l-tryptophan

Spraggon, Glen, Kim, Choel, Nguyen-Huu, Xuong, Yee, Muh-Ching, Yanofsky, Charles, Mills, Stanley E.

The crystal structure of anthranilate synthase (AS) from Serratia marcescens, a mesophilic bacterium, has been solved in the presence of its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and one product,...

The mechanism of tryptophan induction of tryptophanase operon expression: Tryptophan inhibits release factor-mediated cleavage of TnaC-peptidyl-tRNAPro

Gong, Feng, Ito, Koichi, Nakamura, Yoshikazu, Yanofsky, Charles

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. In a previous study, we reproduced the...

Role of Ribosome Release in Regulation of tna Operon Expression in Escherichia coli

Konan, Kouacou Vincent, Yanofsky, Charles

Expression of the degradative tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. In cultures growing in the...

Rho-Dependent Transcription Termination in the tna Operon of Escherichia coli: Roles of the boxA Sequence and the rut Site

Konan, Kouacou Vincent, Yanofsky, Charles

Expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and by tryptophan-induced transcription antitermination. Tryptophan induction prevents...

A Bacillus subtilis Gene of Previously Unknown Function, yhaG, Is Translationally Regulated by Tryptophan-Activated TRAP and Appears To Be Involved in Tryptophan Transport

Sarsero, Joseph P., Merino, Enrique, Yanofsky, Charles

Computer analysis of the Bacillus subtilis genome sequence revealed a gene with no previously attributed function, yhaG, specifying a transcript containing a presumptive binding site for the...

Genomewide transcriptional changes associated with genetic alterations and nutritional supplementation affecting tryptophan metabolism in Bacillus subtilis

Berka, Randy M., Cui, Xianju, Yanofsky, Charles

DNA microarrays comprising ≈95% of the Bacillus subtilis annotated protein coding ORFs were deployed to generate a series of snapshots of genomewide transcriptional changes that occur when cells...

A Transcriptional Pause Synchronizes Translation with Transcription in the Tryptophanase Operon Leader Region

Gong, Feng, Yanofsky, Charles

Regulation of transcription of the tryptophanase operon requires that translation of its leader peptide coding region, tnaC, be coupled with its transcription. We show in vitro that a transcription...

Duplication-Translocations of Tryptophan Operon Genes in Escherichia coli

Jackson, Ethel Noland, Yanofsky, Charles

Mutants of Escherichia coli were selected in which a single mutational event had both relieved the polar effect of an early trpE mutation on trpB and simultaneously released the expression of trpB...

Isolation and Characterization of Specialized φ80 Transducing Phages Carrying Regions of the Salmonella typhimurium trp Operon

Denney, Richard M., Yanofsky, Charles

We have isolated a series of nondefective φ80 specialized transducing phage which carry segments of the Salmonella typhimurium trp operon. These phage were obtained from a lysogenic derivative of a...

Pseudomonas putida Tryptophan Synthetase: Partial Sequence of the α Subunit

Crawford, Irving P., Yanofsky, Charles

There is 50% identity in the sequences of the first 50 residues of the α chains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. No deletions or additions of residues are found in this region, except for...

Transcription of the Operator Proximal and Distal Ends of the Tryptophan Operon: Evidence that trpE and trpA Are the Delimiting Structural Genes

Rose, John K., Yanofsky, Charles

Measurements of the time required for transcription of regions of known genetic length in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli indicate that there are no major unidentified structural genes in...

Evidence That Tryptophanyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Is Not the Corepressor of the Tryptophan Operon of Escherichia coli

Mosteller, Raymond D., Yanofsky, Charles

When a growing culture of a tryptophan auxotroph of Escherichia coli is transferred to a tryptophan-free medium, the bacteria exhaust their supply of Trp-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). Under these...

Anthranilate Synthetase, an Enzyme Specified by the Tryptophan Operon of Escherichia coli: Purification and Characterization of Component I

Ito, Junetsu, Cox, Edward C., Yanofsky, Charles

A procedure employed in the purification of anthranilate synthetase component I of Escherichia coli is described. The purified component appears homogeneous by starch gel electrophoresis and by...

Anthranilate Synthetase, an Enzyme Specified by the Tryptophan Operon of Escherichia coli: Comparative Studies on the Complex and the Subunits

Ito, Junetsu, Yanofsky, Charles

The properties of the anthranilate synthetase complex and its separated subunits were compared in catalyzing the anthranilate synthetase reaction, chorismate + l-glutamine or NH4+ → anthranilate,...

Amino Terminal Sequence of the Tryptophan Synthetase Alpha Chain of Serratia marcescens

Li, Shoei-Lung, Drapeau, Gabriel R., Yanofsky, Charles

The sequence of the amino terminal 28 residues of the tryptophan synthetase α chain of Serratia marcescens is presented and compared with the related sęquences of α chains of other bacteria.

Localization of Two Functions of the Phosphoribosyl Anthranilate Transferase of Escherichia coli to Distinct Regions of the Polypeptide Chain

Jackson, Ethel Noland, Yanofsky, Charles

The trpD gene specifies a polypeptide which has both glutamine amidotransferase and phosphoribosyl anthranilate (PRA) transferase activities. Deletions fusing segments of trpD to the gene preceding...

Subunits of the Adenosine Triphosphatase Complex Translated In Vitro from the Escherichia coli unc Operon

Downie, J. Allan, Langman, Lyndall, Cox, Graeme B., Yanofsky, Charles, Gibson, Frank

The unc operon of Escherichia coli was split into two fragments by the restriction endonuclease HindIII. The operator-proximal portion was cloned into plasmid pACYC184, forming plasmid pAN51, which...