The Impact of Immunization on Competition Within Plasmodium Infections (2008)
Katrina Grech, Robin F. Anders, Andrew F. Read
Evolutionary theory argues that ecological interactions between pathogens within an infection can be a potent source of selection shaping traits such as virulence, drug resistance, and...
Long, Gráinne H, Chan, Brian HK, Allen, Judith E, Read, Andrew F, Graham, Andrea L
Abstract Background Explaining parasite virulence (harm to the host) represents a major challenge for evolutionary and biomedical scientists alike. Most theoretical models of virulence evolution...
Råberg, Lars, Sim, Derek, Read, Andrew F
Hosts can in principle employ two different strategies to defend themselves against parasites: resistance and tolerance. Animals typically exhibit considerable genetic variation for resistance (the...
The effect of parental rearing conditions on offspring life history in Anopheles stephensi (2007)
Grech, Katrina, Maung, Liam, Read, Andrew F
Abstract Background The environmental conditions experienced by parents are increasingly recognized to impact the success of offspring. Little is known on the presence of such parental effects in...
Evolution of parasite virulence when host responses cause disease (2007)
Day, Troy, Graham, Andrea, Read, Andrew F
This article is (c) 2007 The Royal Society
Virulence evolution in response to vaccination: the case of malaria (2007)
Mackinnon, Margaret J, Gandon, S, Read, Andrew F
Invited paper for the journal Vaccine summarising a workshop at Rutgers University in July 2005 on Vaccination and its evolutionary consequences
Can fungal biopesticides control malaria? (2007)
Thomas, Matt B, Read, Andrew F
Recent research has raised the prospect of using insect fungal pathogens for the control of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. In the past, microbial control of insect pests in both medical and...
The effect of parental rearing conditions on offspring life history in Anopheles stephensi (2007)
Grech, Katrina, Aye Maung, Liam, Read, Andrew F
Background The environmental conditions experienced by parents are increasingly recognized to impact the success of offspring. Little is known on the presence of such parental effects in Anopheles....
Parasite-intrinsic factors can explain ordered progression of trypanosome antigenic variation (2007)
Lythgoe, Katrina A, Morrison, Liam J, Read, Andrew F, Barry, J David
Pathogens often persist during infection because of antigenic variation, in which they evade immunity by switching between distinct surface antigen variants. A central question is how ordered...
Transmission stage investment of malaria parasites in response to in-host competition (2007)
Wargo, Andrew R, De Roode, Jacobus C, Huijben, Silvie, Drew, Damien R, Read, Andrew F
Conspecific competition occurs in a multitude of organisms, particularly in parasites, where several clones are commonly sharing limited resources inside their host. In theory, increased or decreased...
Bell, Andrew S, De Roode, Jacobus C, Sim, Derek, Read, Andrew F
The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com
The role of immune-mediated apparent competition in genetically diverse malaria infections (2006)
Råberg, Lars, De Roode, Jacobus C, Bell, Andrew S, Stamou, Panagiota, Gray, David, Read, Andrew F
Competitive interactions between coinfecting genotypes of the same pathogen can impose selection on virulence, but the direction of this selection depends on the mechanisms behind the interactions....
Parasite genetic diversity does not influence TNF-mediated effects on (2006)
Long, Gráinne Helen, Chan, Brian, Allen, J E, Read, Andrew F, Graham, Andrea
The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is associated with malaria virulence (disease severity) in both rodents and humans. We are interested in whether parasite genetic...
Suzanne E. Mitchell, Emily S. Rogers, Tom J. Little, Andrew F. Read
Parasite-mediated selection is potentially of great importance in modulating genetic diversity. Genetic variation for resistance, the fuel for natural selection, appears to be common in host-parasite...
De Roode, Jacobus C, Culleton, Richard, Bell, Andrew S, Read, Andrew F
Abstract Background Malaria infections are often genetically diverse, potentially leading to competition between co-infecting strains. Such competition is of key importance in the spread of drug...
Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model (2004)
Margaret J. Mackinnon, Andrew F. Read
Immunisation against malaria can promote the evolution of more virulent pathogens in mice, making non-immunised mice more vulnerable -- a result with important implications for the development of...
Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model (2004)
Margaret J. Mackinnon, Andrew F. Read
Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune...
Ferguson, Heather M, Read, Andrew F
Abstract Background Arthropod vectors of disease may encounter more than one infected host during the course of their lifetime. The consequences of super-infection to parasite development are rarely...
Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model (2004)
Mackinnon, Margaret J, Read, Andrew F
Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune...
Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model (2004)
Mackinnon, Margaret J, Read, Andrew F
Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune...
Sex ratios in the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi (2003)
Reece, S E, Duncan, Alison B, West, Stuart A, Read, Andrew F
The sex ratios of malaria and related Apicomplexan parasites play a major role in transmission success. Here, we address 2 fundamental issues in the sex ratios of the rodent malaria parasite,...
Sex ratios in the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi (2003)
Reece, S E, Duncan, Alison B, West, Stuart A, Read, Andrew F
The sex ratios of malaria and related Apicomplexan parasites play a major role in transmission success. Here, we address 2 fundamental issues in the sex ratios of the rodent malaria parasite,...
FERTILITY INSURANCE AND THE SEX RATIOS OF MALARIA AND RELATED HEMOSPORORIN BLOOD PARASITES (2002)
Stuart A. West, Todd G. Smith, Sean Nee, Andrew F. Read
The sex ratio (z*; proportion of gametocytes that are male) of malaria and related hemospororin blood parasites has been predicted to be related to the inbreeding rate (f) by the simple equation z* =...
Inbreeding and parasite sex ratios (2002)
Nee, Sean, West, Stuart A, Read, Andrew F
The breeding system of parasitic protozoa affects the evolution of drug resistance and virulence, and is relevant to disease diagnosis and the development of chemo- and immunotherapy. A major group...
Inbreeding and parasite sex ratios (2002)
Nee, Sean, West, Stuart A, Read, Andrew F
The breeding system of parasitic protozoa affects the evolution of drug resistance and virulence, and is relevant to disease diagnosis and the development of chemo- and immunotherapy. A major group...
Imperfect vaccines and the evolution of pathogen virulence (2001)
Gandon, Sylvain, Mackinnon, Margaret J, Nee, Sean, Read, Andrew F
Vaccines rarely provide full protection from disease. Nevertheless, partially effective (imperfect) vaccines may be used to protect both individuals and whole populations.We studied the potential...
Imperfect vaccines and the evolution of pathogen virulence (2001)
Gandon, Sylvain, Mackinnon, Margaret J, Nee, Sean, Read, Andrew F
Vaccines rarely provide full protection from disease. Nevertheless, partially effective (imperfect) vaccines may be used to protect both individuals and whole populations.We studied the potential...
Sex allocation and population structure in apicomplexan (protozoa) parasites (2000)
West, Stuart A, Smith, Todd G, Read, Andrew F
Establishing the selfing rate of parasites is important for studies in clinical and epidemiological medicine as well as evolutionary biology. Sex allocation theory offers a relatively cheap and easy...
Sex allocation and population structure in apicomplexan (protozoa) parasites (2000)
West, Stuart A, Smith, Todd G, Read, Andrew F
Establishing the selfing rate of parasites is important for studies in clinical and epidemiological medicine as well as evolutionary biology. Sex allocation theory offers a relatively cheap and easy...
Comparative analyses of reproductive tactics /--Andrew F. Read. (1989)
Theses (D.Phil.)-University of Oxford, 1989.
Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model
Mackinnon, Margaret J, Read, Andrew F
Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune...
Virulence and competitive ability in genetically diverse malaria infections
De Roode, Jacobus C., Pansini, Riccardo, Cheesman, Sandra J., Helinski, Michelle E. H., Huijben, Silvie, Wargo, Andrew R., ...
Explaining parasite virulence is a great challenge for evolutionary biology. Intuitively, parasites that depend on their hosts for their survival should be benign to their hosts, yet many parasites...
Immunity Promotes Virulence Evolution in a Malaria Model
Mackinnon, Margaret J, Read, Andrew F
Evolutionary models predict that host immunity will shape the evolution of parasite virulence. While some assumptions of these models have been tested, the actual evolutionary outcome of immune...
Virulence and competitive ability in genetically diverse malaria infections
De Roode, Jacobus C., Pansini, Riccardo, Cheesman, Sandra J., Helinski, Michelle E. H., Huijben, Silvie, Wargo, Andrew R., ...
Explaining parasite virulence is a great challenge for evolutionary biology. Intuitively, parasites that depend on their hosts for their survival should be benign to their hosts, yet many parasites...
Inbreeding and parasite sex ratios.
Nee, Sean, West, Stuart A, Read, Andrew F
The breeding system of parasitic protozoa affects the evolution of drug resistance and virulence, and is relevant to disease diagnosis and the development of chemo- and immunotherapy. A major group...
De Roode, Jacobus C, Culleton, Richard, Cheesman, Sandra J, Carter, Richard, Read, Andrew F
During an infection, malaria parasites compete for limited amounts of food and enemy-free space. Competition affects parasite growth rate, transmission and virulence, and is thus important for...
Virulence in malaria: an evolutionary viewpoint.
Mackinnon, Margaret J, Read, Andrew F
Malaria parasites cause much morbidity and mortality to their human hosts. From our evolutionary perspective, this is because virulence is positively associated with parasite transmission rate....
Host cell preference and variable transmission strategies in malaria parasites
Reece, Sarah E, Duncan, Alison B, West, Stuart A, Read, Andrew F
Malaria and other haemosporin parasites must undergo a round of sexual reproduction in their insect vector in order to produce stages that can be transmitted to vertebrate hosts. Consequently, it is...
Shutler, Dave, Reece, Sarah E, Mullie, Adele, Billingsley, Peter F, Read, Andrew F
Several vector-borne infectious agents facultatively alter their life history strategies in response to local vector densities. Some evidence suggests that malaria parasites invest more heavily in...
Poor maternal environment enhances offspring disease resistance in an invertebrate
Mitchell, Suzanne E, Read, Andrew F
Natural populations vary tremendously in their susceptibility to infectious disease agents. The factors (environmental or genetic) that underlie this variation determine the impact of disease on host...
Parasite-intrinsic factors can explain ordered progression of trypanosome antigenic variation
Lythgoe, Katrina A., Morrison, Liam J., Read, Andrew F., Barry, J. David
Pathogens often persist during infection because of antigenic variation in which they evade immunity by switching between distinct surface antigen variants. A central question is how ordered...
Wargo, Andrew R., Huijben, Silvie, De Roode, Jacobus C., Shepherd, James, Read, Andrew F.
Malaria infections frequently consist of mixtures of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive parasites. If crowding occurs, where clonal population densities are suppressed by the presence of coinfecting...
Transmission stage investment of malaria parasites in response to in-host competition
Wargo, Andrew R, De Roode, Jacobus C, Huijben, Silvie, Drew, Damien R, Read, Andrew F
Conspecific competition occurs in a multitude of organisms, particularly in parasites, where several clones are commonly sharing limited resources inside their host. In theory, increased or decreased...
Evolution of parasite virulence when host responses cause disease
Day, Troy, Graham, Andrea L, Read, Andrew F
The trade-off hypothesis of virulence evolution rests on the assumption that infection-induced mortality is a consequence of host exploitation by parasites. This hypothesis lies at the heart of many...